1. Diversity of Organisms and Classification

2. Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

3. Species
The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring
Scientific name : unique to all the people
e.g. scientific name of human:
Homo sapien

4. Six Kingdom System
Bacteria
– 2 kingdoms
Protists
Fungi
Animals
Plants

5. Bacteria Unicellular, microscopic No nucleus Some have no chlorophyll
Prokaryotic – simple cells / no nucleus
Some have no chlorophyll
Saprophytic or parasitic
Saprophytic: feed on dead substances
Parasitic: obtain nutrients from living organisms

6. Protists Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present
Eukaryotic – complex cells
Autotrophic = makes its own food Heterotrophic = must go get its food

7. Fungi Eukaryotic Made up of hyphae No root, stem and leaf
Mycelium: a mass of hyphae
No root, stem and leaf
No chlorophyll
Saprophytic or parasitic
Reproduce by forming spores

8. Animals – heterotrophic, multicellular and have to move to get their food
Eukaryotic – complex cells with nucleus and organelles
Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone:
Invertebrates : without backbone
Vertebrates : with backbone

9. Invertebrates

10. Invertebrates

11. Invertebrates

12. Vertebrates Divided into 5 groups: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds
Mammals

13. Fish Aquatic – fresh and salt water Cold-blooded – 2 chambered heart
Body covered with wet and slimy scales
Streamline body for easy movement through water
Fins for balance and to control movement
Gills for breathing
External fertilization

14. Amphibians Cold-blooded – 2 or 3 chambered heart Moist, scaleless skin
Limbs present
tetrapods
Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs
External fertilization

15. Reptiles Cold-blooded – 2 or 3 chambered heart
Body covered with dry, hard scales
Live on land
Breathe with lungs
Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

16. Birds Warm-blooded – 4 chambered heart Body covered with feathers
2 wings and 2 feet
Beak for feeding
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

17. Mammals Warm-blooded – 4 chamber heart Hairs on skin
Females have mammary glands for producing milk
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies
Birth to offspring

18. Plants
Eukaryotic
Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
Autotrophic: makes own food
Can be divided into 2 groups:
Non-flowering plants
Flowering plants

19. Non-flowering plants
4 groups:
Algae
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms

20. Algae Aquatic Simple multicellular plants No root, stem or leaf
Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

21. Mosses With simple leaves and stems No root No vascular tissues
with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water
No vascular tissues
Reproduce by spores
Found in damp area

22. Ferns With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues
Reproduce by spores
Live in damp places

23. Gymnosperms Roots, stems and leaves Vascular tissue = xylem and phloem
Reproduction by producing seeds
Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits
 naked seeds
Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

24. Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
Roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissue
With flowers for reproduction
Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)

25. Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular bundles.
xylem - located on the innermost ring of the stem/root; it carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
phloem - located on the outermost ring (of vascular tissue) in the stem/root; it carries dissolved proteins, amino acids, sugars and other complex compounds in any direction.
Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular bundles.

26. Two groups of flowering plants …
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
Cotyledons
One
Two
Leaf venation
Parallel
Netted
Root system
Fibrous root system
Tap root system