1. { A meta-analysis of international case studies in TOD: transferable lessons Ren Thomas, iTOD Project 1 Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam

2. Phase 1 (July 2012-July 2013) meta- analysis and rough set analysis to determine which policies, actors and institutions are most influential in TOD implementation Phase 1 (July 2012-July 2013) meta- analysis and rough set analysis to determine which policies, actors and institutions are most influential in TOD implementation Phase 2 (July 2013-July 2014) workshops with Dutch planners to determine which of these could work in The Netherlands Phase 2 (July 2013-July 2014) workshops with Dutch planners to determine which of these could work in The Netherlands methodology

3. TOD can be described as land use and transportation planning that makes walking, cycling, and transit use convenient and desirable, and that maximizes the efficiency of existing transit services by focusing development around transit stations, stops, and exchanges. TOD can be seen as part of a broader approach to urban development. Successful TOD can be defined as implementation of this type of development at a regional scale. our definition of TOD

4. We used in-depth case studies to determine critical success factors: 11 case city-regions meta- analysis

5. Meta-matrix: created coded case reports, summarized reports in matrix format, noted commonalities and differences between cases (Miles and Huberman 1994) Meta-matrix: created coded case reports, summarized reports in matrix format, noted commonalities and differences between cases (Miles and Huberman 1994) Sorted meta-matrix by 5 major themes: Sorted meta-matrix by 5 major themes: policy consistency policy consistency actors/roles actors/roles land use-transport connections land use-transport connections specific tools and policies specific tools and policies barriers to TOD barriers to TOD Identified possible critical success/failure factors for each case Identified possible critical success/failure factors for each case meta-analysis

6. critical success factors Plans and Policies 1. Consistency in planning policy supporting TOD over time 2. Vision stability 3. Support of higher levels of government 4. Political stability: national 5. Political stability: local Actors 5. Relationships between actors 6. Presence of a regional transport- land use planning body 7. Level of competition among municipalities 8. Presence of interdisciplinary teams 9. Public participation 10. Public acceptance 11. Presence of key visionaries Implementation 12. Use of site-specific planning tools (FAR bonuses, leasing of air rights, density targets) 13. Corridor-level planning 14. Certainty for developers 15. Willingness to experiment 16. Degree of implementation

7. Convenience and Desirability Overall convenience and desirability of walking, cycling, and public transit Efficient Infrastructure Maximization of efficiency in existing transit services (concentration of development at stations and in corridors) Overall Success Aggregate measure performance measures Scale of Implementation Scale of implementation of TOD across the city-region Modal Split Modal split for cycling, walking, and public transit in the city and region

8. local expert feedback

9. codified data matrix

10. Using ROSE2 software, we applied a RSA to the codified data matrix Using ROSE2 software, we applied a RSA to the codified data matrix RSA extracts characteristic patterns from the data, determines decision rules, and evaluates the rules using validation techniques Decision rules are conditional statements, specifying the conditions under which the statements are valid A total of 20 rules were found A total of 20 rules were found rough set analysis

12. The CSFs with the highest frequencies in the decision rules are: The CSFs with the highest frequencies in the decision rules are: Political stability (national) Political stability (national) Actor relationships Actor relationships Regional land use-transportation body Regional land use-transportation body Interdisciplinary implementation teams Interdisciplinary implementation teams Public participation Public participation rough set analysis

13. The meta-matrices were instrumental in identifying 16 CSFs or transferable lessons from the international case studies The meta-matrices were instrumental in identifying 16 CSFs or transferable lessons from the international case studies These were tested and assessed for each case city, resulting a set of values that could be used in RSA These were tested and assessed for each case city, resulting a set of values that could be used in RSA The RSA has revealed which CSFs were most influential on successful TOD implementation, and in which combinations The RSA has revealed which CSFs were most influential on successful TOD implementation, and in which combinations The meta-analysis results are more generalizable than individual case study findings The meta-analysis results are more generalizable than individual case study findings summary

14. Two workshops where we will use the results of Phase I to test policy transfer (November/January) Two workshops where we will use the results of Phase I to test policy transfer (November/January) Stakeholders will use CSFs to indicate Stakeholders will use CSFs to indicate where Amsterdam is now/in the future where Amsterdam is now/in the future which CSFs they would improve to achieve TOD in a specific corridor which CSFs they would improve to achieve TOD in a specific corridor what could/could not work in the Netherlands what could/could not work in the Netherlands next steps

15. r.thomas@uva.nl