1. New Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe Aiga Kāla, Valts Vilnītis SIA Estonian, Latvian & Lithuanian Environment February 10, 2009

2. Emissions Stationary sources LCPs Incineration VOC’s IPPC National emission ceilings Mobile Sources Non- road Fuels quality Road Concentrations Framework Directive 1st Daughter 2st Daughter 3st Daughter 4st Daughter Exchange Information CAFE Directive

3. Commission Proposal in September 2005 European Parliament 1st reading September 2006 Adoption 21 May 2008 Entry into force: 11 June 2008 EU Air Quality Management CAFÉ Directive

4. Health based limit values for concentrations of main pollutants. These to be applied universally: to Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and for specific requirements of Air Quality Management Framework. Requires identification of agglomerations/zones for detailed assessment. Population over 250,000, densely populated or industrial zone EU Air Quality Management CAFÉ Directive

5. Specifies number of ambient air quality monitors required for zone/agglomeration of given size. Member states must list all places where pollutants exceed limit values (plus margin of tolerance) Improvement ‘action’ plans and programmes required for zones of exceedence – development of these requires air quality modelling. Exceedence of short term thresholds (NO x, SO 2 ) requires immediate action – air quality forecasting Public information EU Air Quality Management CAFÉ Directive - II

6. Attainment scheme Limit value Time Attainment date Directive comes into force Above margine of tolerance: annual report and plans or programmes to improve air quality sent to EC Between limit value and margin of tolerance: annual report to EC Below limit value: annual report to EC, Good air quality maintained Concentration in the agglomeration or zone Margin of tolerance

7. New Directive key elements Existing legislation merged into a single directive (except for the fourth daughter directive) No change to existing air quality objectives New air quality objectives for PM 2.5 (fine particles) Possibility for time extensions for complying with limit values The possibility to discount natural sources of pollution

8. Air quality objectives for PM 2.5 5 objectives for PM 2.5 Target and limit value –25 μg/m 3 annual average to apply everywhere. –Target value in 2010, limit value in 2015 –Indicative limit value of 20 μg/m 3 in 2020, to be confirmed at review Exposure (based on national average exposure indicator) –Exposure concentration obligation 20 μg/m 3 in 2015 –Exposure reduction target to reduce national average measured urban background concentration 0-20% between 2010 and 2020 subject to later review where differentiated MS legal objectives to be proposed

9. Compliance problems (Article 22) Attainment date can be postponed for particular pollutants: –NO 2, benzene - maximum postponement up to 2015 –PM 10 – until June 2011 Conditions – air quality plan which obligatory has to at least consider a list of measures (Annex to the Directive) LV in force, but at LV+MoT level

10. Compliance problems (Article 22) – II PM 10 –Attainment date already passed –All appropriate measures taken to reach compliance in 2005 –External reasons prevented compliance (transboundary, climatic conditions, dispersion –Compliance demonstrated by new deadline NO 2, benzene –Attainment date not yet arrived –2010 can not be reached (measures taken) –Compliance demonstrated by new deadline

11. Addressing man-made pollution Existing provision to deduct natural events generalized to natural contributions –Natural sources: volcanic eruptions, seismic activities, geothermal activities, wild-land fires, highwind events, sea sprays or the atmospheric re-suspension or transport of natural particles from dry regions –Deduction needs to be well justified –Further source apportionment mostly required to be able to use this provision Guidance in development

12. Addressing man-made pollution II Contribution from re-suspension Exceedances of PM 10 attributable to winter- sanding or -salting of roads Deduction needs to be well justified Reasonable measures taken, air quality plans Guidance in development

13. Where limit values apply? Specific list of locations where compliance with limit values related to health is not to be assessed: –On the motorway –Where no access and no permanent habitation Limit values apply everywhere!

14. Protection of vegetation and biodiversity Critical levels (SO 2 and NO X ) – Annex XIII “Level” – shall mean the concentration of a pollutant in ambient air or the deposition thereof on surface in a given time Critical loads important for the assessment under the Habitats directive