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THE MICROSCOPE Dr. NADIA AHMAD ANATOMY DEPARTMENT AZRA NAHEED MEDICAL COLLEGE LAHORE
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ANATOMY Macroscopic Anatomy –Gross Anatomy Microscopic Anatomy –Cytology –Histology –Organology Developmental Anatomy –Embryology
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Cell! Organism Protoplasm Smallest unit of protoplasm capable of independent existence is called a CELL. Cells Tissues Organ Organ System
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Histology Compliments the study of gross Anatomy Structural basis for the study of function, Physiology Knowledge of normal histology is important for the study of Pathology, alteration in the structure & function of the body by any disease
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Microscopy Observations by means of a microscope is called microscopy. –The usefulness of any type of microscope depends on the following 2 qualities 1.Magnifying Power: ability to enlarge a image 2.Resolving Power: ability to differentiate 2 points situated close together (resolution) Inversely related to wavelength of the source of illumination employed. Shorter the wavelength greater the resolving power.
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THE MICROSCOPE Types of microscope Light Microscopy (visible light) 1.Bright Field Microscopy 2.Florescence Microscopy 3.Phase control Microscopy & Differential Interference Microscopy 4.Confocal Microscopy 5.Polarizing Microscopy Electron Microscopy (Invisible radiations) 1.Transmission Electron Microscopy 2.Scanning Electron Microscopy
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OPTICAL OR LIGHT MICROSCOPE 1.Condenser 2.Objective 3.Occular Magnifying Power = 1200x--1500x Resolving Power =0.24µm—0.1µm
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Measurements UNITSYMBOLVALUE Micrometer (Micron) µm0.001mm (1/1000mm) Nanometer (Millimicron) nm0.001um (1/1000um) AngstromÅ0.1nm=0.0001 µm=1x1/10000 000mm
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Preparation of tissues for Study 1. Fixation. –Fixation –Dehydration –Clearing –Infilteration 2.Embedding & Sectioning. –Microtome –Cryostat 3.Staining. –Haemotoxylin & Eosin –Periodic Schiff Staining (PAS)
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