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Biology Mrs. Shanna Coan
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The study of life Biology
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High degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts Organization
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Smallest unit that can perform all life’s processes Cell
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Organisms, such as bacteria, that are made up of one cell Unicellular
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Organisms, such as humans, that are made up of many cells Multicellular
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Carry out special jobs within a system Organ
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Groups of cells that have similar abilities Tissue
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Tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for a cell to stay alive Organelle
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Chemical compounds that provide physical structure and that bring about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions Biological Molecule
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Stable level of internal conditions Homeostasis
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Sum of the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy Metabolism
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Formation of two new cells from an existing cell Cell Division
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Process by which an organism becomes a mature adult Development
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Process where organisms produce new organisms like themselves Reproduction
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Short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait Gene
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Modern taxonomic system, broadest category, contains kingdoms Domain
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Highest category of the traditional taxonomic system Kingdom
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Branch of biology that studies organisms interacting with their environment Ecology
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Communities of living species and their physical environment Ecosystem
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Descent with modification Evolution
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Organisms with favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce Natural Selection
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Traits that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce Adaptation
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Organized approach to solving problems Scientific Method
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The act of perceiving a natural occurrence Observation
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Educated guess Hypothesis
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A statement that forecasts what would happen Prediction
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Used to test a hypothesis Experiment
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Provides a standard against which a biologist can compare results Control Group
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In an experiment, a group that is identical to the control group except for one variable Experimental Group
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The factor that is deliberately manipulated in an experiment Independent Variable
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The factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more other factors Dependent Variable
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Explanation for some phenomena based on observation Theory
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Scientists who are experts in the field anonymously read and critique research Peer Review
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Microscope that shines light through a specimen Compound Light Microscope
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Magnifies an image usually 10 times Eyepiece (ocular lens)
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Located directly above the slide and magnifies the image (4, 10, 100) Objective Lens
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Platform that supports a slide Stage
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Light bulb that provides light for viewing the image Light Source
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Increase in an objects apparent size Magnification
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The structure that holds the set of objective lens Nosepiece
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Power to show details clearly Resolution
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Produces an enlarged, three-dimensional image of an object using a beam of electrons Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
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Transmits a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of specimen and can magnify 200,000 times Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
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Standard system of measurement Metric System
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Fundamental unit of measure that describes length, mass, volume, and other quantities Base Unit
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