1. April, 2002Energy Audits1 Baselining: Pacific Energy Center

2. April, 2002Energy Audits2 Demand Analysis (Pre-data)

3. April, 2002Energy Audits3 Demand Analysis (Post-data)

4. April, 2002Energy Audits4 Real Power The rate at which electrical work is done Basis for utility demand costs Watts (W) or kilowatts (kW) W = V x I x PF 5 hours 1hour Electrical Energy The ability to do electrical work Energy = Watts x Time Basis for most utility billing Watt-hour (Wh) or kilowatt-hour (kWh) Tank of H2O

5. April, 2002Energy Audits5 Energy Calculations Energy (kWh/yr) = Input Power (W) * Runtime(hrs/yr) 1000 Cost($/yr) = Energy (kWh/yr) * Electrical Cost($/kWh) Energy costs may include demand (W) and power factor charges Measure Power with a true RMS power meter Measure equipment Runtime with datalogger Measure both Power and Runtime with a datalogging power meter

6. April, 2002Energy Audits6 Runtime kWh = kW x Runtime Measures the hours of operation Non-dimming Lighting Loads Constant HVAC loads –Pumps –Fans –Boilers –Single-stage compressors

7. April, 2002Energy Audits7 Instantaneous Power kWh = kW x Runtime Measure connected load Must be a consistent power draw Manufacturer (nameplate) data

8. April, 2002Energy Audits8 Continuous Power and Energy kWh = kW x Runtime Measures connected load and runtime Required for varying or multi-staged loads –Dimmable lighting –Chillers –Multi-staged compressors –VFDs –Plug-loads