1. Notes: Unit 2: Exploration & Colonization #2 Colonization of the Americas

2.  Colony: A group of people who settle distant land, but are still ruled by the lands they came from.  Imperialism: Forming an empire by conquest or colonization for the purpose of economic or political domination.

4. 1. New Spain  Made up much of present day Southwest U.S., Mexico, and the western half of S. America.

6. a. Reasons Explorers Came to New World (Americas):  Conquistadors came to the New World to gain wealth and fame (3 G’s).  Gold: Large amount of gold thought to be in the New World.  Glory: Claiming new land for your country (become famous).  God: Convert Natives to Christianity.

8. b. Effects of Spanish Conquistadors  Hernando Cortez conquered Mexico (Aztecs).  Francisco Pizarro conquered Peru (Incas).  Spain used the policy of imperialism to set up an economic system known as the encomienda.

10. c. Results of Spanish Colonization  Spain became the wealthiest country in the world.  Spain built the largest navy (Spanish Armada) to protect gold from pirates.  Other European monarchs (kings/queens) began to colonize unclaimed parts of the Americas.  Dutch (Netherlands): New Netherlands (eventually New York)  English (Great Britain): Jamestown→Virginia→13 Colonies  French (France): New France (Canada)  Portuguese (Portugal): Eastern half of South America

12. 2. New France  Made up much of present day eastern/central Canada & central U.S.

14. a. Reasons French Came to North America  French explorers hoped to find gold.  France wanted to find an all water route through N. America to Asia (Northwest Passage) for silks and spices.  Wanted to gain access to the resources in North America (fishing / fur trade).

16. b. Effects of French Explorers  Samuel de Champlain traveled south on the St. Lawrence River and founded New France (Quebec, Canada).  Cavelier de la Salle traveled south on the Mississippi River and founded Louisiana (Louis XIV) and the port city of New Orleans.

18. c. Results of French Colonization  France made money in North America through the fur (beaver) trade.  France became friends (allies) with Indians (Algonquin tribes).  French missionary priests traveled with fur traders to convert Indians to Roman Catholics.

20. 3. New Netherlands (Dutch)  Made up of present day New York & New Jersey.

22. a. Reasons Dutch Came to North America  The Dutch wanted to find an all water route through N. America to Asia (Northwest Passage) for silks and spices.  Wanted to gain access to the fur trade in N. America

24. b. Effects of Dutch Explorers  Henry Hudson founded New Netherlands.  Established Fort Orange (now Albany) as a fur trading post.  New Amsterdam (now NYC) became the largest Dutch settlement.  For a brief time were allies with the Algonquin & Iroquois (Mohawk) through the fur trade.

26. c. Results of Dutch Colonization  The Dutch never found the Northwest Passage.  The Dutch began to have conflicts with Indians over land ownership.  In 1664, New Netherlands surrendered to Great Britain and became New York (part of the 13 English colonies).