1. Chapter 3 The Body Paragraphs

2. ■ Summary Planning the Body of Your Essay ■ informal outlines Composing the Body Paragraphs The Topic Sentence ■ supports the thesis by clearly stating a main point in the discussion ■ announces what the paragraph will be about ■ controls the subject matter of the paragraph Focusing Your Topic Sentence Placing Your Topic Sentence Practicing What You’ve Learned, P.55 Assignment Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing

3. Paragraph Development ■ include enough supporting information or evidence to make readers understand the topic sentence ■ make the information clear and specific ■ avoid vague generalities and repetitious ideas Paragraph Length ■ long enough to accomplish its purpose and short enough to be interesting ■ avoid the one- or two-sentence paragraph ■ divide longish paragraphs at a logical point; use transitional phrases Practicing What You’ve Learned, P.62 Assignment Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing

4. Paragraph Unity ■ stick to the subject ■ unify sentences around a central or main idea-topic sentence ■ unify paragraphs around thesis Paragraph Coherence ■ use a recognizable order of information ■ order of time ■ order of space ■ deductive order ■ inductive order ■ use transitional words and phrases ■ examples ■ comparison/ contrast ■ sequence ■ results

5. ■ repeat key words ■ substitute pronouns for key nouns ■ use parallelism ■ use a variety of transitional devices ■ avoid whiplash-maintain coherence Practicing What You’ve Learned, P.74 Paragraph Sequence ■ consider logic, effect Transitions Between Paragraphs ■ use to link paragraphs, ideas ■ vary the type and placement to avoid sounding mechanical and boring