1. Debates During the Constitutional Convention Philadelphia, 1787

2. Virginia Plan Creation of Executive Branch (1 President) –Had powers such as commander –chief and chief executive. Creation of a Legislative Branch (Bicameral Legislature) The Legislative Branch would be based off of population….Big states = more power Would be given power to tax and make war. Creation of a Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) Could interpret law.

3. New Jersey Plan Small states were upset by the VA plan. (Why?) Agreed with VA plan on just about everything accept for the Legislative Branch Wanted a Legislative Branch that had 1 vote per state. (Unicameral Legislature) Wanted more than one executive

4. Great Compromise VA Influence –Most the constitution is the VA plan still in tact. (Madison is father of Constitution) –The House of Representatives in Congress is based of Population NJ Influence –The United States Senate is based on equal representation of the states –2 Senators per state. –California 2 Senators –Rhode Island 2 Senators

5. Regulation of Trade Key Question: Should Congress have the power to regulate trade?

6. North Economy based on manufacturing and trade Low slave population

7. North Commercial Based economy Count on Congress to protect trade interest Congress should have power to regulate trade

8. South Export economy (tobacco) Feared Congress would favor trade over agriculture Feared a stop on the slave trade States should regulate trade

9. Resolution Congress regulates trade Cannot tax exports Cannot interfere with slave trade for… 20 years

10. Slaves in the population Key Question: Should slaves be counted as a part of the population when determining representation in Congress?

12. “ Slaves are property” Slaves should not be counted toward pop. Slaves should be taxed North Lose Key seats in Congress

13. South Economy based on large scale agriculture Large population of slaves

14. “Slaves labor = to freeman’s labor” Slaves should be counted Slaves should not be taxed Gain important seats in Congress South

15. Resolution 3/5 Compromise 5 slaves=3 people counted Slaves can be taxed Slaves receive no rights Census taken every 10 years

16. Ratification Key Question: Should the Constitution that was produced at the Convention be ratified or approved by the states?

17. Federalists Attended the CC Hamilton and Madison

18. Stressed weaknesses of Articles Necessity for strong central Government Federalists

19. System of Checks and Balances and separation of powers will safeguard rights System of Federalism Called for ratification Federalists

20. Influential state delegates Anti-Federalists Lee and Henry

21. Anti-Federalists Stressed a revision of Articles Feared an abusive central government Experiences under English rule

22. Insisted on a written guarantee of rights Anti-Federalists

23. Resolution Federalists papers urged ratification Delaware was first to ratify

24. Heated debates in New York and Virginia All states ratified Promised a written guarantee of rights Resolution