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Unit 4: Cellular Energy Chapter 8 page 216
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Autotrophs vs heterotrophs pg. 219 Autotrophs = Make their own food Heterotrophs = Consume their food
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What is Metabolism? Page 220 Metabolism : All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. There are 2 Types of metabolic reactions: » Catabolic » Anabolic
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Anabolic : Uses energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules Ever hear about “Anabolic Steroids” in the news? Building up
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Example of Anabolic Reaction: pg 222 Photosynthesis : Two-phase anabolic pathway in which the sun’s light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell. CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water Sun Light
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Catabolic : Releases energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules. Breaking Down!
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Cheese: Cats ripping/breaking down your couch, etc.
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Example of Catabolic Reaction: Cellular Respiration : Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP GlucoseOxygen Carbon Dioxide Water Energy
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What is Metabolism? The relationship of anabolic and catabolic pathways results in the continual flow of energy within organisms.
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Clicker Question #1 The building of materials is called: a. homeostasis b. anabolic c. catabolic d. ATP
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Clicker Question #2 Which of the following is an example of an anabolic process? a. photosynthesis b. homeostasis c. cellular respiration d. transpiration
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Clicker Question #3 Which of the following are products of photosynthesis? a. Carbon dioxide & water b. Glucose only c. Glucose & carbon dioxide d. Glucose & oxygen
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Clicker Question #4 Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? a. Carbon dioxide, water, & ATP b. Glucose & oxygen c. Carbon dioxide & ATP d. Glucose & carbon dioxide
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(Aka – Charged Battery) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) : (Aka – Charged Battery) Energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities. What is ATP?
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ATP is holding the ENERGY in the last phosphate…. What is ATP? When the last phosphate is POPPED off, it releases energy for the cell to use… & turns into ADP Pop off the last one!
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What is ATP? ATP holds/stores energy When last phosphate is popped off, ENERGY is RELEASED!
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Clicker Question #5 What does ATP do? a. Stores energy b. Gets rid of energy c. Maintains homeostasis d. Breaks down molecules
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Clicker Question #6 How does ATP release energy? a. It sells it b. When the bond between the 2 nd & 3 rd phosphate is broken c. When the bond between the 1 st & 2 nd phosphate is broken d. It never releases energy
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Clicker Question #7 Once the last phosphate is broken off and energy is released, what does ATP turn into? a. Glucose b. Carbon dioxide c. spongebob d. ADP
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Where does ATP come from?
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Mitochondria (in plants & animals), break down food (glucose) to make ATP (ENERGY). Where does ATP come from? BUT An animal (consumer) must EAT a plant to get the food (glucose). Where does the food (glucose) come from? What starts the food chain? Photosynthesis in plants
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What happens during photosynthesis? * Photosynthesis occurs inside chloroplasts * Chlorophyll is the green coloring inside the chloroplasts that absorb the sunlight CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Glucose = Food Oxygen Released into the atmosphere Sent to Mitochondria to process it into ENERGY (ATP)
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What happens during photosynthesis?
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Photosynthesis Video
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Clicker Question #8 Where does photosynthesis take place? a. Ribosomes b. Cell membrane c. Mitochondria d. Chloroplasts
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Clicker Question #9 During photosynthesis, what is released into the atmosphere? a. Carbon dioxide b. Glucose c. Oxygen d. Water
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Clicker Question #10 What is the main purpose for photosynthesis? a. To make carbon dioxide b. To make glucose c. To make oxygen d. To make water
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Clicker Question #11 These are found in plants and are used to capture & absorb sunlight: a. Mitochondria b. Chlorophyll c. Ribosomes d. Cell Wall
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After photosynthesis, and glucose is made: * In plants…it is sent to the mitochondria * In animals…they must eat the plant and the food is sent to the mitochondria What’s next? Cellular Respiration is next! What’s next?
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What are the two types of cellular respiration? Anaerobic: metabolic process without oxygen Aerobic: metabolic process with oxygen Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process…it NEEDS oxygen!
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What happens during cellular respiration? C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP Glucose Broken down Released When you exhale * Aerobic…needs oxygen * Occurs in Mitochondria * Glucose is broken down & ATP molecules are made Released When you exhale Pop the phosphate off releases energy
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What happens during cellular respiration? 1 molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP
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Cellular Respiration Video
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Clicker Question #12 What is the main purpose of cellular respiration? a. To make carbon dioxide b. To make energy c. To make water d. To make glucose
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Clicker Question #13 What waste products are released during cellular respiration? a. Carbon dioxide & water b. Glucose & oxygen c. Carbon dioxide & glucose d. Carbon dioxide only
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Clicker Question #14 How many ATP are made from 1 molecule of glucose? a. 2 b. 20 c. 26 d. 36
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Clicker Question #15 Where does cellular respiration occur? a. Ribosomes b. Chloroplasts c. Mitochondria d. Chlorophyll
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Clicker Question #16 What is aerobic? a. A process maintaining balance b. A process that requires oxygen c. A process that does not require oxygen d. A process that makes ATP
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There are two types of anaerobic respiration Fermentation: Keep cellular respiration going if there is no or not enough oxygen is available (2 types) 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation: During cellular respiration, if not enough oxygen is present (like during lots of exercise), lactic acid fermentation begins to keep the cycle going. - When lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, the muscles become sore. - Many microbes use this process and are used to make cheese, yogurt, and sour cream.
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Lactic acid Video…silly but “on point”
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There are two types of anaerobic respiration 2. Alcohol Fermentation: Occurs in yeast and some bacteria when oxygen is not available to create….. Alcohol Rotting fruit can also ferment…creating alcohol
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Clicker Question #17 Lactic acid fermentation occurs when the body does not get enough: a. Protein b. Energy c. Oxygen d. Carbon Dioxide
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Clicker Question #18 Lactic acid causes: a. Glucose to be the product b. Energy to be released c. The making of alcohol d. Muscle soreness
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Clicker Question #19 Lactic acid fermentation & alcohol fermentation are examples of: a. Homeostasis b. Catabolic reactions c. Aerobic processes d. Anaerobic processes
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Clicker Question #20 The following equation represents: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP a. Homeostasis b. Photosynthesis c. Cellular Respiration d. None of the above
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