1. Chapter 20

3. Synthetic drugs
Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic acid.
Sulfanilamide inhibits folic acid synthesis.
PABA - enzyme – folic acid
Fluroquinolones inhibits DNA synthesis.
Typhoid fever, shigellosis

4. penicillin
Mold – Penicillium notatum – inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
Bacitracin – Bacillus – peptidoglycan – topical applications.
Polymyxin – Bacillus – damages plasma membrane – topical treatment.
Rifampin – Streptomyces – inhibits RNA synthesis – tuberculosis.

5. Antifungal drugs
Amphotericin B – Streptomyces – damages plasma membrane – systemic mycosis – Histoplasmosis.
Nystatin – Streptomyces – damages plasma membrane – Candida infections.

6. Antiviral drugs
Acyclovir – inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA. Effective against herpes virus.
Zidovudine – inactivates the reverse transcriptase – can cause anemia in some cases.
Used to treat HIV infection.

7. Antiprotozoan drugs Chloroquine – malaria
Metronidazole – inhibits metabolism in an anaerobic environment.
Giardiasis, amoebic dysentery.

8. Antihelminthic drugs
Niclosomide – inhibits ATP synthesis in mitochondria – treat tapeworm infestations.
Praziquantel – damages plasma membrane – treat fluke infestations.
Mebendazole – inhibits microtubule formation – roundworm infestations.

9. Some bacteria develop resistance.
Plasmids – antibiotic resistance.
Mutations can result in the overproduction of the enzyme that is being inactivated by the drug.