1. Traci Peterson Structural Option Senior Thesis Presentation The Del Monte Center at The North Shore The Pennsylvania State University Department of Architectural EngineeringSpring 2005

2. Outline of Presentation  Project overview  Depth Study –Redesign of lateral system  Architecture  Breadth Study –Construction management –Mechanical  Conclusions

3. The Del Monte Center at The North Shore 375 North Shore Drive, Pittsburgh, PA

4. Project Overview Pittsbu rgh's North Shore Location of Building

5. Project Overview  Building Statistics –Dates of Construction –Occupancy/Function –Size –Cost

6. Project Overview  Project Team –Continental/Nationwide Realty Investors –Strada –Continental Building Systems –Atlantic Engineering Services –Allen & Shariff Corporation –Limbach Facility services

7. Project Overview  Structural System –Frame –Foundation –Floor System

8. Project Overview 1” expansio n joint

9. Project Overview Location of Bracing: Fram e E Fram e D  Lateral System –Bracing (North-South Direction):

10. Project Overview  Bracing (East-West Direction) Fram e E Fram e D Frames A & D Frames B & E Frames C & F

11. Depth Study  Lateral System Redesign –Alternative #1 –Alternative #2  Exposed bracing  Modified windows

12. Depth Study  Design Criteria –Codes –Methods

13. Depth Study  Loads –Dead –Live –Snow –Wind –Seismic  Load combinations –1.4D –1.2D+1.6L+0.5S –1.2D+1.6S+(0.5L or 0.8W) –1.2D+1.6W+0.5L+0.5S

14. Depth Study  STAAD.pro 2002 –“Select Optimized” command

15. Depth Study  Existing System Total Weight of System = 426.7 k Frames A & D Frames B & E Frames C & F

16. Depth Study  Alternative #1- Moment Frames Total Weight of System = 358.5 k Frames A & D Frames B & E Frames C & F

17. Depth Study  Alternative #1- Moment Frames –Drift

18. Depth Study  Alternative #2- Full Bay Bracing Total Weight of System = 200.8 k Frames A & D Frames B & E Frames C & F

19. Depth Study  Results system total weight (kips) existing462.7 Alternative #1 (moment frames) 358.5 Alternative #2 (chevrons) 200.8

20. Architecture  Alternative #2- chevrons –Modified Windows –Exposed Bracing

21. Architecture  Alternative #2 with modified windows

22. Architecture  Alternative #2 with exposed bracing

23. Architecture

25. Breadth Study  Construction Management materia l erectio n total Existing system $121,6 21.47 $20,73 9.04 $142,36 0.51 Alternat ive #1 $102,1 65.09 $12,19 4 $114,3 59.09 Alternat ive #2 $57,228.57 $25,452.56 $82,68 1.13 Cost of Structural Steel W-shapes:

26. Breadth Study  Construction Management –Existing beam to column connections  Given: –Bolted double angle –ASTM A325 ¾”  slip-critical bolts –Designed for summation of: »½ uniform load capacity of member »10k axial force  Determined: –¼” angle –5 rows of bolts –$63 each

27. Breadth Study  Construction Management –Existing bracing connections  Given: –Bolted/welded shear end-plate connections –Fillet welds  Determined: –3/16” weld –2 rows of bolts –$55 each

28. Breadth Study  Construction Management –Moment connections  Determined: –Single-plate web connection: »3/8” x 12” »5 7/8”  bolts »2 5/16” fillet welds –Tension flange-plate: »1” x 10-1/4” »5/16” fillet welds (6” along each side, 10-1/4” along end) –Compression flange-plate: »13/16” x 12.5” »5/16” fillet weld (6” along each side) –No doublers or stiffeners required –$250 each

29. Breadth Study  Construction Management Existing System $20,000 Alternative #1 $28,000 Alternative #2 $19,000 Total Cost of Connections (material, fabrication, & installation):

30. Breadth Study  Construction Management –Alternative #2, with modified windows brick + $52,400.26 stone + $86,686.21 glass - $127,989. 76 total + $11,096.7 1 Building Envelope Costs (as compared to existing design):

31. Breadth Study  Construction Management Existing System $162,361 Alternative #1 $142,359 Alternative #2 (with bracing exposed) $101,681 Alternative #2 (with modified windows) $112,780 Total Costs:

32. Breadth Study  Mechanical –Carrier  s “Hourly Analysis Program 4.2” (HAP)  Mechanical system components –10 packaged water-cooled air conditioning units –2 cooling towers (1 for each unit) –3 hydronic unit heaters –2 hydronic cabinet unit heaters –1 electric unit heater –4 hot water boilers  Current utility rates –Department of Energy  s website

33. Breadth Study  Mechanical –Results of HAP analysis:  Annual energy costs savings = $2,856

34. Conclusions Existing System $162,361 Alternative #1 $142,359 Alternative #2 (with bracing exposed) $101,681 Alternative #2 (with modified windows) $112,780 Total Costs: $112,780 - $101,681 = $11,000 $11,000 / ($2,856/year) = 4 years

35. Conclusions  Existing system is most expensive system studied  Least expensive system to build has chevron braces left exposed  Least expensive system over time has concealed chevron braces  Modifying windows disrupts architectural aesthetics of building  Moment frame system costs less than existing system, & preserves large windows  For moment frame system, recommendation is to increase expansion joint to 2”

36. Thank You