1. Impact of Depression on US Hardship and suffering was widespread In and out of most cities, shantytowns were created Soup kitchens and breadines were created in cities or charitable groups Job competition increases hostilities amongst people Farmers had slight advantage, in that they were already used to hard times and they could grow own food

2. THE DUST BOWL Farmers in the Great Plains faced the the effects of the “Dust Bowl” Overproduction, drought, and wind storms cause tons of topsoil blow away. KS, OK, and TX are hardest hit, many pack up and head west on Route 66 (they are nicknamed “Okies”)

4. Some family men cannot stand to see their family’s suffering so they leave their families No large scale federal direct relief programs exist, some cities create welfare type programs Many women starved themselves in order to make sure their kids had food. Many develop health problems due to poor diets, lack of proper medical care Depression will have adverse psychological effects on entire generation of Americans –Suicides go up, all are forced to make sacrifices (college, doctors/dentists, families) –Achieving financial security will become primary focus for many

5. 22.3 Hoover Struggles with the Depression Hoover’s belief in the “rugged individual” leads his team to react slowly to crisis Saw it as a temporary and necessary downswing Opposed direct relief, felt intervention by federal government would destroy free enterprise Resentment towards Hoover and Republicans grows daily 1930 mid-term elections, Democrats take control of House

9. Attempts at Helping Programs started by Hoover: –Public Works Projects (Hoover Dam) –Federal Farm Board-control prices –Glass Steagall Banking Act (FDIC)-protects banks –Federal Home Loan Bank Act-keep people in homes –Reconstruction Finance Corporation (trickle- down economics)

10. Hoover and Bonus Army Group of WWI vets led by Waters march to DC to get $1,000 bonus Hoover allowed them to create Hooverville while issue was debated Senate and Hoover deny money and say go home About 2,000-5,000 stayed Police shot 2 vets Army tear gassed families, 2 babies die Hoover’s reluctance to act and gassing of Bonus Army costs him any chance of re-election

15. The 1932 Election Hoover was blamed for problems that plagued US Republicans throw their support at him in ‘32, Hoover argued natural acts will fix economy and Democrats plan would ruin free enterprise Democrats nominate Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR for the next 4 chapters) Governor from NY FDR was career politician, very well spoken and confident Promised a “New Deal” for Americans, however provided few details during the campaign

16. 1932 Election, continued Hoover claimed FDR had no real plan to help economy and his promises seem to shift from day to day Changes in our Latin American policies and aggressive dictators around the world caused both to keep a cautious eye on world affairs The results were FDR winning with about 59% of the popular votes and a 472-59 margin in the electoral college. In the House Democrats control 313-117-5 In the Senate Democrats control 60-35-1

17. 1932 Election Results