2. DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY PESHAWAR MEDICAL COLLEGE, PESHAWAR.

3. Dr. Muhammad Arif Assistant Professor Department of Ophthalmology

4. ORBIT BONY CAVITIES IN THE SKULL CONTAINING Globes Globes EOM EOM Nerves Nerves Vessels Vessels FAT pads FAT pads Lacrimal gland Lacrimal gland Periorbita Periorbita Orbital septum Orbital septum

5. Orbital Dimension Volume30cc Entrance height 35mm Entrance width 40mm Medial wall length 45mm Distance from posterior globe to optic foramen 18mm Length of orbital segment of optic nerve 25-30mm

6. Orbital anatomy Floor Floor Roof Roof Lateral wall Lateral wall Medial wall Medial wall

7. Developmental defects Microphthalmos Microphthalmos Anophthalmos Anophthalmos Ccphaloccles Ccphaloccles

8. Evaluation of orbital diseases Detail history Detail history Onset Onset Duration of symptoms Duration of symptoms Injury Injury Prior disease Prior disease Systemic disease Systemic disease Family history Family history

9. Course of symptoms Pain Pain Proptosis Proptosis Progression Progression Palpation Palpation Pulsation Pulsation Periorbital changes Periorbital changes

10. Examination Visual acuity Visual acuity Refraction Refraction Color vision Color vision Pupils Pupils Extraocular motility Extraocular motility Anterior segment Anterior segment Posterior segment Posterior segment Eyelids Eyelids

11. Tools of examination Exophthalmometry Exophthalmometry CT Scan orbit in brain CT Scan orbit in brain MRI MRI Orbital sonography Orbital sonography Orbital endoscopy Orbital endoscopy

13. Preseptal cellulitis Preseptal cellulitis is defined as inflammation and infection confined to the eyelids and periorbital structures anterior to the orbital septum. Preseptal cellulitis is defined as inflammation and infection confined to the eyelids and periorbital structures anterior to the orbital septum.

15. Organism causing Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae Gram-positive cocci Gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus

16. Investigations History History Clinical examination Clinical examination Blood complete Blood complete Bacteriological examination Bacteriological examination

17. Treatment Antibiotics Antibiotics Analgesics Analgesics Surgical drainage Surgical drainage

18. Orbital cellulitis Active infection of the orbital soft tissue is present posterior to the orbital septum. Active infection of the orbital soft tissue is present posterior to the orbital septum. Symptoms Symptoms Fever Fever Leukocytosis Leukocytosis Proptosis Proptosis Restriciton of ocular motility Restriciton of ocular motility Pain on movement of the globe Pain on movement of the globe

19. causes Paranasal sinuses Paranasal sinuses Face and eyelids Face and eyelids Dacryocystitis Dacryocystitis Dental infection Dental infection Intracranial Intracranial Trauma Trauma Dacryoadenitis Dacryoadenitis Endophthalmitis Endophthalmitis

20. Treatment Medical Medical Surgical Surgical

21. Proptosis Protrution: Protrution: of the eyes secondary to and orbital space lesion of the eyes secondary to and orbital space lesion Exophthalmos: Exophthalmos: proptosis secondary to dysthyroid disease. proptosis secondary to dysthyroid disease.

22. Evaluation History of proptosis History of proptosis Slow Slow Abrupt Abrupt Explosive Explosive Displacement Displacement Axial Axial Medial Medial Lateral Lateral

23. Evaluation Diplopia DiplopiaHorizontalVertical Pain PainReferredOcular

24. Evaluation Vision (Decrease) Vision (Decrease) Slowly Progressive Not effected

25. BLOW OUT FRACTURE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT