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The Rise of Babylon Sumerians and Akkadians established patterns for next 1500 years Cities and empires rose and fell over time Culture remained stable through various empires Babylonian Empire 2000 BC to 1600 BC
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Hammurabi’s Code Hammurabi died in 1750 BC and gets credit for 1 st law codes Laws were vital to have large cities Elders typically handled small community disputes Large urban centers have a large number of strangers and conflicts would inevitably arise Conflict needed to be mediated or people will kill each other
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Hammurabi’s Code Death was a prescribed punishment Different groups were treated differently under 1 st laws Law was retaliatory in nature “an eye for an eye” People were burned and their limbs were removed Our Constitution and Arab law comparisons today
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Hammurabi’s Code Man who divorced wife had to repay dowry and support children Laws allowed large numbers of people to live together Laws put on a large column with over 300 total laws
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Hammurabi’s Code
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The Epic of Gilgamesh Epic of Gilgamesh is the 1 st piece of literature. Debate as to whether or not he actually existed. Story that he was buried under the river which was diverted. Germans claim to have discovered his tomb?
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The Epic of Gilgamesh Fights Enkidu, then they become friends and go on manly adventures. Hunt, drink and camp Gilgamesh offends the gods and they kill Enkidu slowly Gilgamesh is upset and goes on a quest for immortality. In the end his quest is a failure as humans are mortal and doomed to die.
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The Epic of Gilgamesh He realizes how wonderful civilization is. We all die but are immortal through culture and civilization.
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The Hittites and the Minor Kingdoms Invaders from outside come in and take over Mesopotamia. Hittite Empire from the north (Turkey) conquer Mesopotamia They use horses and chariots for warfare. 1500 BC to 1200 BC
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The Hittites and the Minor Kingdoms
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Hittites copy, adopt, and then spread Mesopotamian culture. They do not develop much that is new. Goods were traded across the Mediterranean. Hittite Empire fragments and minor kingdoms arise and make contributions.
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The Hittites and the Minor Kingdoms Phoenicians create a coastal empire. They were great merchants and sailors. Established colonies in Spain and N. Africa including Carthage. Ideas spread to Europe and then throughout the world. Greeks expand on Phoenician alphabet which our alphabet is based on.
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The Hittites and the Minor Kingdoms
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Hebrews establish Israel and Judah which do not last long. Judaism is established with belief in one god. This led to Christianity and Buddhism.
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The Assyrian Empire Established around 900 BC Assyrians were all about wars and fighting Conquered the entire empire Army had varying troops Archers Chariots Infantry Cavalry
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The Assyrian Empire
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Practiced terror and fear with their enemies Flayed skins Entombed alive Put on stakes Kings hunted lions to show their power and lions became extinct in that area Over time there were internal rebellions 12 groups joined and overthrew the Assyrian Empire in 600 BC (300 years)
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Babylon Reborn Babylonian Empire rose again Also called Chaldean Babylon was large and architecturally stunning Hanging Gardens Walls that were 2 chariots wide Tower of Babel Glazed and colored fired bricks Ishtar Gate survives today with bright blue bricks and animals. It was taken from Iraq to Germany.
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Babylon Reborn
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http://www.ancient.eu.com/Ishtar_Gate/ http://www.ancient.eu.com/Ishtar_Gate/ http://www.ancient.eu.com/article/129/ http://www.ancient.eu.com/article/129/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Babel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Babel
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Babylon Reborn Mathematics and astronomy were developed to try to predict the future. Examined internal organs and sacrificed animals to predict the future. Studied the stars and planets and developed astrology which is based in astronomy & math Horoscopes done by the 5 th century BC Intellectual effort developed to predict the future. Human desire was to find order in chaos.
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