1. UNIT V LESSON #1 The Irish Revolutionary Period

2. UNIT V: Lesson #1 I.Background A.Ireland had been controlled by England for hundreds of years. B.Ireland had attempted some kind of uprising towards independence at least a dozen times over those hundreds of years. All failed. C.After 1900 there was another movement beginning but times were different now.

3. UNIT V: Lesson #1 II. Causes of the Revolution: A.Home Rule: (1910) A vote through Parliament that gave Ireland the ability to rule itself but remain allied to Great Britain. This was already beginning in places like Canada and Australia. B.Protestant Irish whose ancestors came from England and Scotland did not want this to occur. C.Native Catholic Irishmen wanted a Republic and became known as the Republicans.

4. UNIT V: Lesson #1 II. (cont’d) D. 1914 two things happen: 1. Parliament passes home rule but does not implement it (keeps Protestants happy). 2. World War I begins and Ireland is expected to be loyal and supply troops. E. Ireland does support England with almost 200,000 troops at the front by 1916.

5. UNIT V: Lesson #1 III. “The Easter Rising” 1916 A.Monday 24 April 1916: Irish Republicans try to force the end of English rule in Ireland while England is distracted by the war. B.Groups such as “The Irish Volunteers” and the “The Irish Citizen Army” seize key locations and buildings in Dublin. C.Saturday 29 April the uprising ends in defeat.

6. UNIT V: Lesson #1 III. (cont’d) D. Most of the ringleaders are executed, which backfires on the English. E. December 1918: The IRA is formed and two British policemen are shot. F. January 1919: Once the war has ended, a 32 county Irish Republic is established but immediately falls into chaos because Catholics and Protestants cannot agree.

7. UNIT V: Lesson #1 IV. The Irish War of Independence 1919-1921: A.The IRA versus the UK B.21 November 1920 “Bloody Sunday” 1. 14 British troops killed by the IRA. 2. Royal Irish Constabulary fires into a crowd and kills 14, wounding 65. 3. One week later 17 British are killed by the ORA in an ambush.

8. UNIT V: Lesson #1 IV. (cont’d) C. December 1920 the British declare Martial Law and burn the city of Cork. D. Over the next 7 months 1,000 are killed and 4,500 Republicans are jailed. E. Ceasefire is finally in effect on July 11, 1921. F. 2.014 had been killed and many more injured.

9. UNIT V: Lesson #1 V. The End Result: A.1920-1921 “The Government of Ireland Act.” 1. Home rule with a division of Northern Ireland from Southern Ireland. 2. The Southern part was soon renamed “The Irish Free State.” B. The partition meant 26 counties went to the South and 6 to the North.

10. UNIT V: Lesson #1 V. (cont’d) C. 1937 The Irish Free State renames itself simply Ireland. D. The northern counties permanently name themselves Northern Ireland.