2. LISE++ : design your own spectrometer Oleg Tarasov 1,2 & Daniel Bazin 1 1 1 National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1321, USA 2 2 Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia next

3. POWERFUL TOOL TO PREPARE AN EXPERIMENT WITH SECONDARY BEAMS It is possible to receive this program free using FTP to the addresses (user: anonymous): ftp://159.93.20.89/lise/ ftp://ftp.nscl.msu.edu/lise Last available version 7.1 The LISE code web sites : http://www.nscl.msu/edu/lise http://dnr080.jinr.ru/lise next

4. Contents Introduction Application Main features of the code In-built utilities LISE++ - new generation of the code Block description Examples Mass formula, Abrasion-Ablation Fusion residues transmission Features of version 6.3 Next steps of the code development next

5. Introduction The program 1) has been developed to calculate the transmission and yields of fragments and fusion residues 2) produced and collected in a spectrometer. This code allows to simulate an experiment, beginning from the parameters of the reaction mechanism and finishing with the registration of products selected by a spectrometer. The program allows to quickly optimize the parameters of the spectrometer before or during the experiment. It also makes it possible to estimate and work in conditions of maximum output of studied reaction products and their unambiguous identification. Wedge and Wien velocity filter selections are also included in the program. An application of transport integral 3) lies in the basis of fast calculations of the program for the estimation of temporary evolution of phase space distributions. 1) D.Bazin, M.Lewitowicz, O.Sorlin, O.Tarasov, Nucl.Instr. and Meth. A 482 (2002) 314. O.B.Tarasov, D.Bazin, M.Lewitowicz, O.Sorlin, Nuclear Physics A 701 (2002) 661-665. 2) O.Tarasov and D.Bazin, NIM B 204 (2003) 174-178. 3) D.Bazin and B.Sherrill, Phys.Rev.E50 (1994) 4017-4021. next

6. Application The LISE code may be applied at medium-energy and high-energy facilities (fragment- and recoil-separators with electrostatic and/or magnetic selections). A number of these facilities, like LISE3, SISSI/LISE3 and SPEG at GANIL, FRS at GSI, COMBAS and ACCULINA at Dubna, A1900 and S800 at NSCL, and RIPS at RIKEN, based on the separation of projectile-like fragments are included or might be easily added to the existing optical configuration files. In-built Energy loss, Time-of-Flight, Position, Angular, Charge, Cross-Section distribution plots and dE-E, dE-TOF, Z-A/Q, dE-X and other two-dimensional plots allow to visualize the results of the program calculations. next

7. Main features Fast analytical calculations (Monte Carlo method is applied just for two-dimensional plots Highly user­friendly environment Reaction mechanisms projectile fragmentation, fusion-evaporation, Coulomb fission (it is planning: abrasion-fission, spallation, fusion-fission) Optics ( «Transport» matrices are used) Ion charge state distribution calculations (4 methods) Range and energy loss in material calculations (4 methods) Contribution of secondary reactions in the target Different selection methods (“Brho”, “Wedge”, velocity, “Erho”) In-built help support In-built powerful tools next

8. In action next

9. In-built tools oPhysical Calculator oNuclide Database utilities oRelativistic Reaction Kinematics Calculations oCurved degrader calculation oPACE4 – evaporation Monte Carlo code for Windows oThe spectrometric handbook of J.Kantele & Units converter oCodes “Global” & “Charge” (charge state distributions) oRange optimization utility o“Brho” analyzer oTransport envelope packet package o“Evaporation” calculator oAutomatical search of two-dimensional peaks in experimental spectra oLISE for Excel next

10. Physical calculator next

11. Nuclide data base It is possible to edit isotope characteristics in the database, and also to add new records LISE++ : mass models and comparisons between them and the database next

12. Relativistic Reaction Kinematics Calculations next

13. Curved degrader calculation next

14. The spectrometric handbook of J.Kantele next

15. Units converter & code “ Charge ” next

16. Range optimization utility next

17. Optics

18. Automatical search of two-dimensional peaks in experimental spectra If You want to use this utility supports your spectrum format – send spectrum reading/writing subroutines from/in disk next

19. LISE for Excel next

20. By vehicle analogy: LISE (classic) : One speed, unmovable seat, without some view mirrors, weak engine. one-task car – just drive right LISE ++ : “smart” transmission, full observation of road, modern seats, powerful engine under computer direction. multi-task car – Van, Sport etc. LISE++ : object-oriented construction of fragment separator from the outside this is the same car like it was before, but inside… Do You remember old Volkswagen Beetle ? And What can you cay now about a new one?! next

21. BLOCKBLOCK Classic: Target+Stripper  Dipole1  Wedge  Dipole2  Wien Vel. Filter  7 materials Number of blocks in the spectrometer is limited by operating memory of Your PC and Your imagination Block structure next

22. Block settings next

23. Examples: S800 spectrograph next

24. Examples: dE-TKE plot next

25. Mass formula with shell crossing corrections  The code uses the database of Audi & Wapstra 95 (recommended values)  It is reason why Abrasion-Ablation model (analytical solution) has been incorporated in the LISE++ code  There is a question about masses of nuclei not included in the database. We need a unlaborious method to estimate their masses.  EPAX (K.Summerer & B.Blank, PRC 61 (2000) 034607) - the most widespread formula for calculation of projectile fragmentation cross sections. - There are no dependences on projectile energy, isotope mass etc. This is simple parameterization, which can not explain “odd-even” effects, large divergence with experimental data) far from the line of stability. However, in order to use the Abrasion-Ablation model and also for “LisFus” model (LISE’s fusion-evaporation model) it is necessary to know precise masses of nuclei next

26. Mass formula with shell crossing corrections (2) Parameter/modelLDM0 [Kra87] LDM0 LISE++ LDM1 [Mye66] LDM2 LISE++ (BE)  2 863.8157.395.120.1 next

27. Experiment Experimental [Not02,Sak97], calculated by the LISE abrasion-ablation model (blue dash curve) and EPAX parameterization (red solid curve) production cross sections of neutron- rich isotopes in the reaction 48 Ca+Ta versus neutron number. Binding energies from the database+LDM2 have been used for abrasion-ablation calculations. next

28. Fusion residues transmission 1. PACE4 (Monte Carlo coupling by angular momentum) : transformation to Windows. User-friendly interface. Plots. 2. LisFus – new fast analytical model of calculation of fusion residue cross section. 3. Fusion residue transmission calculation through a fragment separator ∆E-E selection plots for different types of fusion residues in the reaction 40 Ar(15 MeV/u)+Be(64.4  m). The left plot shows the selection by a magnetic dipole, the right plot by a combination of Wien velocity filter and a dipole which compensates the filter’s dispersion. Both devices are tuned on 42 Ca 19 + next

29. “LisFus” – fast fusion-evaporation model next

30. “LisFus” & “PACE4” comparisons next

31. Status of the code Visits of LISE sites next

32. Features of Version 6.3 next Charge states calculations "GLOBAL" for "Windows" Nonequilibrium charge state calculations Modification of evaporation calculations Fission channel in evaporation cascade

33. The code “Global” for Windows next GLOBAL is a program to calculate ionic charge-state distributions of projectiles traversing solid and gaseous targets.

34. Nonequilibrium charge state calculation next Charge state evolution of the fragment 118 Sn after a C-stripper as a function of its thickness for equilibrium and nonequilibrium cases in the reaction 124 Xe (90 MeV/u) + Pb (20mg/cm 2 ) + C (x mg/cm 2 ).

35. Fission channel in evaporation cascade next Energy dependence of light particle and gamma emission probabilities for 31 S. Calculations were performed using the level density mode “C” (pairing and shell corrections included) Energy dependence of light particle and gamma emission probabilities for 238 U. Calculations were performed using the level density mode “C” (pairing and shell corrections included).

36. Next steps of LISE++ development Abrasion-fission Incorporate a new reaction mechanism: Abrasion-fission secondary target Develop a new material block: secondary target gas-filled separator, electric dipole Optimize dispersive blocks: gas-filled separator, electric dipole Create LISE++ configuration files for different spectrometers in world. The authors hope to have help from experts of these laboratories for specific information (transport files, location and characteristics of detectors, emittance of primary beam, etc.). Write full LISE++ documentation. Create three-body kinematics calculator next

37. Thank You for Your attention! Register in LISE’s sites to get information about new versions of the code http://dnr080.jinr.ru/lise http://dnr080.jinr.ru/lise or http://www.nscl.msu.edu/lisehttp://www.nscl.msu.edu/lise next