1. Animals Chapter 4
Birds and Mammals

2. Birds Endotherms (warm-blooded) Egg-laying vertebrates 4 types
-perching birds – sparrows, robins etc.
-bird of prey- owls, hawks etc.
-waterfowl – ducks, geese etc.
-flightless- penguins, ostrich etc.

3. Feathers Adapted for flight Contour feathers – large, broad
Down – small, used for insulation
Not all birds fly

4. Which food goes with which bird?
                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                

5. A few feet
good for perching
good for swimming
good for capturing prey

6. Respiration Air sacs - give constant oxygen (fuel)
- give enough energy for flight
lungs

7. Circulation
Double-loop circulatory system keeps oxygenated blood separate from de-oxygenated blood

8. Bones Birds have “hollow” bone that makes them lightweight
Have trusses inside bone for strength

9. Complex Behaviors
Song
- protects territory
- mating
- calling
Migrate

10. Flight adaptations Feathers and wings Hollow bones
Keel and strong flight muscles
Large eyes
Increased heart rate
Increased respiration
High body temperature

11. What to do next Do section review on page 94 questions 1-5
Do section review on page 97 of your text

12. Class Mammalia

13. Characteristics of all Mammals
Hair
Mammary Glands and a diaphragm
Most Sweat
Endothermic

14. Three Classes Based on how the animals reproduce
Monotremes
Marsupials
Placental

15. Monotremes- Echidnas and duck billed platypus
Egg laying – leathery eggs
“furred reptiles” - Babies lick milk from mother’s fur

16. Marsupials Pouched Inside pouches are mammary glands
Infants are born not fully developed and move to pouch to finish development
Different age babies can live in pouch at the same time
Live mostly in Australia, New Guinea, and South America
Kangaroos, opossums, koalas, Tasmanian devils, wallabies

17. Placental Most mammals are placental
Embryos stay inside mother until fully developed
Babies are born like smaller adults
Placenta are special attachments from embryo to uterus
Placenta supplies food and oxygen
Placenta also removes waste
Gestation period is the time it takes for an embryo to develop
Gestation ranges from a few weeks to almost 2 years depending on the species

18. Toothless Mammals Only anteaters are completely toothless.
The rest have small teeth
Catch insects with long, sticky tongues
Anteaters, aardvarks, armadillos, sloth

19. Insect Eating Also called insectivores
Live everywhere except Australia and Antarctica
Have very small brains
Few specialized teeth
thin long pointed nose

20. Rodents More than 1/3 of all mammals are rodents
Found everywhere except Antarctica
Most are small
Have long, sensitive whiskers
All rodents have sharp front teeth for gnawing

21. Lagomorphs (rabbits) Have sharp gnawing teeth
Have two sets of incisors in their upper jaws
Have short tails
Sensitive noses, large ears, and eyes to detect predators

22. Flying Mammals Bats are the only mammals that can fly
Use echolocation to find prey
Nocternal
Flying squirrels ARE NOT part of this group!

23. Carnivores Meat eaters Large canine teeth
Can be found in both land and water
Includes lions and seals

24. Hoofed Mammals Adapted for quick running
Large flat molars for grinding, Herbivores
Also known as Ungulates
Two groups based on number of toes

25. Odd Toed Order Perissodactyls One or three toes Horses, tapirs, rhinos
Tapirs have four toes on front but three on back

26. Even Toed Order Artiodactyla Two or four toes
Foot has greater flexibility than Odd Toed
Pigs, camels, cows, giraffes, hippos

27. Trunked-Nosed Elephants are the only ones
Very agile trunk to pick up small objects
Three species – African Savanna, Asian, and African Forest
African Forest elephant is a newly name species
Herbivores
Largest land mammal
Two year gestation period
Poached for ivory

28. Cetaceans Whales, dolphins, porpoise Use echolocation
Have lungs; blowholes are modified nostrils
Blubber
Some have teeth, some do not

29. Sirenia
Manatees
Herbivores
AKA sea cows
Can live for over 70 years

30. Primates Binocular vision Opposable thumbs Color vision
Flattened nails
Specialized teeth for omnivore diet
Small noses so vision is very important