1. Peace through Health Key Concepts Joanna Santa Barbara 2005

2. PEACE THROUGH HEALTH Approach for Peace Practitioners Approach for Health Practitioners

3. PEACE THROUGH HEALTH Approach for Peace Practitioners Approach for Health Practitioners What’s the human problem we’re tackling Population health deficits What’s health? A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being (WHO) What determines health?

4. EXPOSURES Injuries Toxins Microorganisms Stress DETERMINANTS OF ILL-HEALTH

5. P0VERTY WAR COMMUNITY AND CULTURAL DISINTEGRATION ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION EXPOSURES Injuries Toxins Microorganisms Stress MACRODETERMINANTS OF ILL-HEALTH

6. WAR COMMUNITY AND CULTURAL DISINTEGRATION ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION EXPOSURES Injuries Toxins Microorganisms Stress MACRODETERMINANTS OF ILL-HEALTH P0VERTY

7. How do we act on war as a determinant of health? First, diagnosis Then treatment. Health deficits Diagnosis: Peace deficits (=harm or violence being done in the relationship) What’s violence? (=An act or omission, acute or chronic, causing diminution of physical, mental or social potential of beings.)

8. Direct Violence Cultural Violence Structural Violence Johan Galtung

9. + Greed

10. How do we assess Health and Peace deficits, strengths and possibilities? Health and Peacebuilding Filter (HPBF- Anne Bunde-Birouste) Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA – Ken Bush) Do No Harm Assessment Conflict Analysis

11. “Treatment” First, do no harm. What peace outcomes are being sought? 10 ways to expand peace from the health sector

12. Peace outcomes in PtH Abolition of war as an institution Prevention of specific outbreaks of violence Limiting harm and ending episodes of viiolence when they occur Rehabilitation of people and social systems after violent conflicts with a goal of preventing further violence Action on causes of violent conflict such as poverty Stimulation of other sectors of society (eg education, media, justice systems) towards parallel action

13. 10 modalities of Peace through Health Action Redefinition of violence issues as health issues Superordinate goals Dissemination of data Extending impartial altruism, countering dehumanization Dissent Psychosocial healing, peace education Strengthening the social fabric through inclusive health services Solidarity with oppressed groups Negotiation, mediation Support to a community in generating its own peace and health action

14. PEACE THROUGH HEALTH Approach for Peace Practitioners Approach for Health Practitioners What’s the human problem we’re tackling Population peace deficits What’s peace? A harmonious and cooperative relationship in which conflicts are dealt with nonviolently What determines peace? What’s the human problem we’re tackling Population health deficits What’s health? A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being (WHO) What determines health?

15. How does the Peace Practitioner act on PtH? First, diagnosis (Conflict analysis, assessing peace deficits and health deficits) NB. Wrong diagnosis -> wrong treatment Then, “treatment”. The peace practitioner has: A stock of knowledge about what has worked elsewhere Trained capacity for creative thinking Capacity to stimulate and coordinate work at multiple levels and from many sectors Knowledge of the post-violence tasks of *Resolution *Reconstruction *Reconciliation Capacity for building immunity/resistance against breakdown into further violence

16. GRASSROOTS Religion Law HEALTH Unions Media Education Elite (Politicians, Diplomats)

17. Immunity against Political Violence Culture of Peace Democracy + Conflict resolving institutions Knowledge of alternatives to violence in dealing with conflict Economic sufficiency High employment rates Low rates of weapons possession

18. Scope of Peace through Health DIRECT VIOLENCE **** ******* ******* **** CULTURAL VIOLENCE **** ******* ******* *** STRUCTURAL ***** ***** **** ***** ***** VIOLENCE Intra- Inter- Small Intrastate Interstate Global psychic personal social group ( domestic, (gang (nuclear criminal ) violence) weapons)

19. History of Peace through Health Predecessors: Red Cross (ICRC) 1980s: PAHO 1990s: WHO, McMaster, PHR, IPPNW, Medical Network in Balkans 2000s: UNSW, U of Tromso, LSHTM