1. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Chemistry is defined as the science of studying how matter interacts with other matter. We need to be able to recognize whether or not matter undergoes a change.

2. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Physical Properties – Characteristics that can be determined without changing the identity of the substance. Color, Texture, Odor, Boiling Point, Melting Point, Freezing Point, Density

3. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Physical Properties List some physical properties for Mercury.

4. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Physical Changes – When matter changes from one state to another. The three states of matter are solids, Liquids, and gases.

5. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 3 States of Matter Solids Particles that make up the solid are tightly packed together. They are moving just a little bit, like a slight wiggle.

6. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 3 States of Matter Solids They have a definite shape and a definite volume.

7. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 3 States of Matter Liquids Particles are less tightly packed than a solid. Particles are moving more freely than a solid.

8. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 3 States of Matter Liquids Since the particles are not held together tightly, they can ‘flow’.

9. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 3 States of Matter Liquids Liquids have an indefinite shape but a definite volume.

10. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 3 States of Matter Gases The particles that make up a gas are separated by large distances. Gas particles travel in a straight line until they either hit another gas particle or bounce off of the side of the container.

11. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 3 States of Matter Gases Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

12. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 4 th State of Matter Plasma is a gas that is heated to very high temperatures but the particles are held closely together by a magnetic field.

13. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change 3 States of Matter – To sum up.

14. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Physical Changes The matter that goes through a physical change retains its identity. For example; ice, water, and steam are different states of H 2 O. Even though it has different physical properties, it is still H 2 O.

15. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Physical Changes There are 6 types of a state change; Freezing Melting Vaporization (Boiling) Condensation Sublimation Deposition

16. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Physical Changes

17. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Chemical Property – A characteristic of matter that describes how it will interact with other matter. Flammability Oxidation (rust) Corrisive Caustic

18. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Chemical Changes – When matter interacts with other types of matter and changes its identity. When Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas interact, steam and energy is produced.

19. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Chemical Changes Iron reacts with oxygen to produce iron (III) oxide. This process is called oxidation.

20. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Chemical Reaction – Process by which a substance changes into another type of substance. What are some signs a chemical reaction is happening?

21. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Types of Matter In chemistry, it is important to recognize the type of matter your investigating. Matter is divided into two catagories, pure substances and mixtures.

22. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Types of Matter Pure Substances – Have a uniform composition Composed of the same type of matter

23. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Types of Matter Pure Substances – Elements – Matter that is composed of 1 of the 118 known elements. Compounds – a fixed ratio of elements. ElementCompound

24. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Types of Matter Mixtures – Two or more pure substances that can be mixed in any ratio. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

25. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Types of Matter Mixtures Homogenous mixtures – A mixture with a uniform composition. These mixtures can also be called solutions. Heterogeneous mixtures – A mixture with unique phases. A phase is a component of this type of mixture. Heterogeneous mixtures do not have a uniform composition.

26. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Types of Matter Mixtures Homogenous Heterogeneous

27. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Types of Matter - Summary

28. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques Mixtures can be separated into their components by utilizing the physical properties of the substances that make-up the mixture. Compounds cannot be separated into elements by utilizing physical properties.

29. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques Filtration – Separation technique for mixtures utilizing the size of the components.

30. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques Chromatograph – Separation of a mixture utilizing the rate at which a component of the mixture moves through a porous medium.

31. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques Distillation – Separation of a mixture utilizing the different boiling points of the mixture components.

32. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques Fractional Distillation

33. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques Magnetic Separation – Utilizing the magnetic properties of the mixture components.

34. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques Phase Separation– Utilizing the immiscibility of two liquids.

35. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques for Compounds Electrolysis – Using electricity to separate compounds.

36. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Separation Techniques for Compounds Heat – Using heat can cause a compound to decompose into its elements.

37. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Writing Chemical Reactions All of the 118 elements that exist, so far, is listed on the Periodic Table.

38. Chapter 2 – Matter and Change Writing Chemical Reactions To make the lives of chemists and students easier, each element has been given a one or two lettered symbol. The first letter is always capitalized, and if there is a second letter in the symbol, it is always lower case.