1. Building a Mammal Phylogeny By: Jose Villanueva, Muriele Catam, and Lourdes Montoya Echidna Cat Colugo Elephant Bat Porcupine Chimpanzee Dog

2. What is a phylogeny? Used for: - Distance in time of relationship - An animal’s closest relative - How and when traits evolved “Evolutionary Tree” www.entomology.cornell.edu

3. PeanutsCaramelAlmondsPieces vs. Whole Baby Ruth++0+ Hershey’s000+ M&M’s0000 Twix0+0+ Kit Kat000+ Snickers++++ Morphological Phylogeny

4. Goal Build a mammal phylogeny for the organisms: Build a mammal phylogeny for the organisms: - Human - Echidna - Little Brown Bat - Porcupine - Cat - Dog - Chimpanzee - Colugo - African elephant 1)Construct a phylogeny using morphological characters 2)Construct a tree using sequences in DNA or proteins 3) Choose a final tree to represent the evolution of these mammals

5. Hypothesis Placental Development Claws(0) or nails(+) Large bony eye socket CarnassialsSpines Gliding Membrane Human+++000 Echidna0000+0 Brown Bat +0000+ Porcupine+000+0 Cat+00+00 Dog+00+00 Chimpanzee+++000 Colugo+0+00+ African Elephant ++0000

6. Morphological tree

7. DNA vs. Protein www.cs.columbia.edu

8. Geneious Program We used the Genius program to: 1)Collect and sort out molecular sequences 2) Align molecular sequences for comparison 3) Construct a tree with the given information 4) Bootstrapping to check for confidence

9. Mitochondrial Cytochrome B Oxidase Gene Not helpful because it is polytomy

10. Hemoglobin subunit Protein

11. 4 Nuclear Genes 4 Nuclear Genes - This is the most credible of all the trees

12. Importance of Phylogeny's -Not only useful to see the relationships - Can find how distant organisms are -Used to answer larger questions Ex. How many times and where did a certain trait evolve?

13. Works Cited (Pictures) http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbrown3064/1505453232/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbrown3064/1505453232/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbrown3064/1505453232/ http://www.lodz.com.pl/cats/cat_0065.jpg http://www.lodz.com.pl/cats/cat_0065.jpg http://www.lodz.com.pl/cats/cat_0065.jpg http://www.flickr.com/photos/indulgences/2578766831/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/indulgences/2578766831/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/indulgences/2578766831/ http://www.freespiritart.com/images/elephant-power.jpg http://www.freespiritart.com/images/elephant-power.jpg http://www.freespiritart.com/images/elephant-power.jpg http://www.flickr.com/photos/zeannie/1081990108/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/zeannie/1081990108/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/zeannie/1081990108/ http://www.oudtshoorninfo.com/images/fauna/porcupine.jpg http://www.oudtshoorninfo.com/images/fauna/porcupine.jpg