1. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb Energy and the Environment CHAPTER 1

2. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 1.1 A large coal-fired steam-electric power plant whose electrical power output is nearly 3,000 megawatts. In the center are the power house and tall stacks that disperse the flue gas. To the left, a cooling tower provides cool water for condensing the steam from the turbines. To the right, high-voltage transmission lines send the electric power to consumers. (Copyright Brian Hayes.)

3. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 1.2 A run-of-the-river hydropower plant on the Androscoggin River in Brunswick, Maine (United States). In the center is the power house, on the right is the dam/spillway, and on the left is a fish ladder to allow anadromous species to move upriver around the dam. Except when occasional springtime excessive flows are diverted to the spillway, the entire river flow passes through the power house.

4. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 1.3 An add-on solar thermal power plant (in background) augments the output of a conventional gas-.red combined cycle power plant (in foreground) by 2%. (Copyright John Van Beekum/The New York Times /Redux Pictures.)

5. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 1.4 The distribution of energy consumption per capita among populations of geographic regions of the world: (A) Africa, (B) Asia and Oceana, (C) Central and South America, (D) Middle East, (E) Europe, (F) Eurasia, and (G) North America. (Data from U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 2004,2008.)