1. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 215 “Early Homo” -- The First Humans

2. Neandertals and Other Archaics “Early” Homo and “Archaic” Homo? What’s the difference between

3. Neandertals and Other Archaics “Early” Homo = Homo habilis 2.4 mya What’s the difference between

4. Neandertals and Other Archaics “Archaic” Homo = Neandertals and others ca. 300,000 ybp What’s the difference between

5. Neandertals and Other Archaics “Archaic” Homo = “Premodern Human” ca. 300,000 ybp What’s the difference between

6. Neandertals and Other Archaics “Early” Homo = Homo habilis 2.4 mya What’s the difference between

11. Source: Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 33

12. “Early Homo” 1.Homo rudolfensis... (e.g., KNM ER 1470) 2.Homo habilis... Some people think there are two species:

13. Early Homo “We agree that more than one species is probably represented, but for simplicity suggest referring to all the [Plio- pleistocene human] specimens as ‘early Homo.’” “The species names Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis are the ones most commonly used for designating two different species of early Homo.” Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8 th ed., p. 252 (cf., pp. 215-217, 9 th ed.:

14. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

16. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 215

17. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 10-30

18. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 10-31

19. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 10-29

20. Early Homo “We agree that more than one species is probably represented, but for simplicity suggest referring to all the [Plio- pleistocene human] specimens as ‘early Homo.’” “The species names Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis are the ones most commonly used for designating two different species of early Homo.” Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8 th ed., p. 252 (cf., pp. 215-217, 9 th ed.:

21. Australopithecines - Homo Genus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo Species ramidus afarensis africanus aethiopicus boisei robustus habilis ( “early” ) rudolfensis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens

22. Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo”

23. Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids...

24. Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids... 3. Are the earliest lithic tool makers...

25. Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids... 3. Are the earliest lithic tool makers... 4. Had big brains

26. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 234 Cranial Capacity

27. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 269

28. Time 23 July 2001

30. Smithsonian Institution

31. Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids... 3. Are the earliest lithic tool makers... 4. Had big brains

32. Glossary Homo rudolfensis... Homo habilis... “Early Homo” =

33. Glossary Homo rudolfensis... Homo habilis... “Early Homo” = (e.g., KNM ER 1470)

35. Time 23 July 2001

36. Major Species one of two species of “Early Homo” inhabited South and East Africa –2.4 – 1.6 mya Homo rudolfensis – (KNM ER 1470)

38. Glossary Homo rudolfensis... Homo habilis... “Early Homo” =

39. Major Species one of two species of “Early Homo” inhabited South and East Africa –2.0 – 1.6 mya Homo habilis – (Olduvai, Koobi Fora...)

41. Selected Major Discoveries / Events, ca. 1850 - Present Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania 700 cc brain tool manufacture 1.85 - 1.6 mya Homo habilis – (Olduvai, Koobi Fora...)

42. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed. p 185

44. Selected Major Discoveries / Events, ca. 1850 - Present "1470" (and "1590") Lake Turkana, East Africa Homo habilis 2 mya e.g., 1972

46. Time 23 July 2001

48. Glossary Homo rudolfensis, and Homo habilis... “Early Homo”

49. Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids...

50. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103

51. Epochs: Tertiary / Quaternary

54. Glossary Homo rudolfensis, and Homo habilis... “Early Homo”

55. Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids... 3. Are the earliest lithic tool makers... 4. Had big brains

56. www.amnh.org/exhibitions/atapuerca/africa/branches.php

72. Glossary Homo rudolfensis, and Homo habilis... “Early Homo”

73. Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids... 3. Are the earliest lithic tool makers... 4. Had big brains

74. Major Trends: Brain Development 1.size... 2.the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight... 3.complexity... Brains develop in

75. Major Trends: Brain Development 1.size... Brains develop in

76. Source: Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 230

77. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 269

80. Major Trends: Brain Development 1.size... 2.the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight... Brains develop in

81. Source: Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 386

82. Major Trends: Brain Development 1.size... 2.the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight... 3.complexity... Brains develop in

83. Major Trends: Brain Development increases in area the cerebral cortex (neocortex)

84. Introduction to Physical Anthropology, 8th ed., Fig. 7-3

86. “Early Humans” Interpretations

87. Time 23 July 2001

88. Smithsonian Institution

89. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 10-31

90. Humankind Emerging, 7th edition, p. 259

91. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

92. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 12-16

93. Time 23 July 2001

94. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

95. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 12-17

96. “Early Homo” Interpretations __________________ And, usually, early Homo are men, heading East...

97. Time 23 July 2001

104. Source: Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 33

105. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7132794.stm

106. “Early Homo” Next: Homo erectus...

107. Australopithecines - Homo Genus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo Species ramidus afarensis africanus aethiopicus boisei robustus rudolfensis ( “early” ) habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens

108. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

109. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 12-16

111. “Early Homo” And after Homo erectus: Homo sapiens...

112. Australopithecines - Homo Genus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo Species ramidus afarensis africanus aethiopicus boisei robustus rudolfensis ( “early” ) habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens

113. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

114. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 12-16

116. “Early Homo” Caution! Note that...

117. Neandertals and Other Archaics “ Archaic” Homo sapiens “Early” Homo is not the same as

118. Neandertals and Other Archaics Homo habilis Homo rudolfensis “Early” Homo

119. Time 23 July 2001

120. Neandertals and Other Archaics are members of the species Homo sapiens (including Neandertals) preceded “anatomically modern Homo sapiens” (Qafzeh and Cro-Magnon) are different from Homo erectus... but lack the full set of characteristics diagnostic of modern Homo sapiens... “Archaic” Homo sapiens

121. Time 23 July 2001

122. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

123. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig. 12-16

124. Neandertals and Other Archaics post - Erectus humans in –Africa –Asia (India and China) –Europe “Archaic” Homo sapiens

125. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., pp. 250-251

126. Turnbaugh, Jurmain, Kilgore, and Nelson, 8th ed., pp. 290-292

127. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 253

128. Turnbaugh, Jurmain, Kilgore, and Nelson, 8th ed., p. 293

129. Neandertals and Other Archaics 400,000 - ca. 130,000 y.b.p. “Archaic” Homo sapiens

130. Time 23 July 2001

131. Neandertals and Other Archaics Swanscombe Steinheim Fontechevade Atapuerca Arago Vértesszöllös Broken Hill (Kabwe) and others Neandertal, BUT... “Archaic” Homo sapiens include

132. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 252

133. Neandertals and Other Archaics Neandertals are a special case of “Archaic” Homo sapiens More on that latter

134. Homo erectus.... Next:

135. The End