1. Protein Synthesis

2. Review Purpose of DNA Replication Copy DNA exactly to put into a new cell

3. Protein Synthesis Using the DNA code to make proteins Each gene gives you a protein with a function

4. Importance of Proteins Every chemical reaction and structural component in your body Materials that make up structure of cells Enzymes Communication between cells Hormones

5. Gene A section of DNA that codes for a protein Example: Gene: DNA sequence for hitch-hiker’s thumb (instructions) Protein: builds your thumb cells so that they bend back (physical outcome)

6. 2 sections of DNA Exons:genes that code for a protein (1%) Introns: Sequences of DNA that do not code for a protein (extra DNA) (99%)

7. RNA Another nucleic acid used in Transcription and translation

8. DNA vs. RNA DNA Deoxyribose ATCG 2 Very large (3 billion bp) Genetic code RNA Ribose AUCG 1 Very small (1000 bp) Transcription/Translation/ Other

9. Types of RNA mRNA: messenger RNA. Carries message of DNA from Nucleus to ribosome tRNA: transfer RNA. Transfers amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome to create protein

10. Transcription Creating a copy of the DNA to travel to the ribosome to make proteins DNA can’t leave nucleus so it has to copy the gene it wants

11. Transcription DNA  mRNA (messenger RNA) complimentary bases line up along the DNA mRNA travels to ribosome

12. Enzyme RNA polymerase builds mRNA

13. One Change Thymine doesn’t exist outside of the nucleus so Uracil matches with Adenine instead. So instead of A=T we get A=U. Transcribe the following gene: ATGCAATGCGATG

14. Answer UACGUUACGCUAC

15. Translation translating the code of mRNA into a chain of amino acids (protein) mRNA feeds through ribosome tRNA brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome another tRNA brings the next amino acid and connects it to the first

16. Translation Keeps going until we have a chain of about 100 amino acids (protein) When it hits a stop codon the protein breaks off and goes to be used in the cell

17. Translation Codon: A triplet of bases on the mRNA Anticodon: Found on the tRNA, complimentary triplet to mRNA (helps line up the tRNA and the mRNA)

18. Practice Divide the following into codons: AUGCCUGGAUGAUGA Use the chart given to find the correct amino acids to match your codons