1. Protein Synthesis

3. Transcription DNA  mRNA Occurs in the nucleus Translation mRNA  tRNA  AA Occurs at the ribosome

4. RNA and DNA Compared

5. Triplets (Codons)

6. Genetic Code

7. Transcription

8. Initiation Promoter TATA Box Initiation Site RNA Polymerase AUG

9. Elongation RNA Polymerase Adds nucleotides to the 3’ end

10. Termination Proceeds until RNA polymerase transcribes a terminator sequence UAA UAG UGA

11. RNA Processing 5’ guanine cap 3’ Poly (A) tail

12. RNA Splicing Introns Exons

13. Introns???? Regulation One gene can code for alternate polypeptides Evolution Domains – structural and functional regions

14. Translation

15. tRNA

16. Aminoacyl- tRNA Synthetase

17. Ribosomes Small subunit Large subunit P site (peptidyl-tRNA) A site (Aminoacyl-tRNA) E site (Exit site)

18. Transcription

19. Initiation The first tRNA with its AA attaches to the mRNA and the small subunit The first tRNA and its AA enters the P site

20. Elongation The second tRNA and its AA enters the A site A peptide bond forms

21. Elongation Translocation The third tRNA and its AA enters the A site A peptide bond forms

22. Termination

23. Polyribosomes

24. Point Mutation

25. Base Pair Substitution

26. Frame Shift Mutation Base Pair Insertion or Deletion