1. RNA and Protein Synthesis

2. How does DNA determine our traits?

3. By directing the synthesis of proteins Proteins represent functional genes Molecular flow of information is: DNARNAProtein

4. What proteins are you familiar with?

5. Examples of Proteins Insulin Keratin Hemoglobin Melanin Actin

6. Proteins are synthesized during two cellular processes. Can you name these processes?

7. Protein Synthesis 1.Transcription – Genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA 2.Translation – mRNA information is decoded to synthesize proteins

8. What is RNA?

9. A nucleic acid composed of ribose sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases

10. How does RNA differ from DNA?

12. DNA RNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine Nucleus only Single stranded Ribose sugar Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil Nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

14. RNA Nucleotide

15. Who are the “players” involved in protein synthesis?

16. The “Players” 1.mRNA 2.tRNA 3.rRNA 4.amino acids 5.ribosomes

17. mRNA (messenger) linear RNA that transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

18. tRNA (transfer) RNA (~80 nucleotides in length) twisted in hairpin shape supplies the amino acids to ribosomes for translation

19. rRNA (ribosomal) globular RNA that composes ribosomes, forms the peptide bond between amino acids during protein synthesis

20. Amino Acids monomers of proteins linked together to form proteins during translation

21. Ribosomes site of translation (second step of protein synthesis)

22. Gene Structure

23. Promoter Coding Region Termination Signal A

24. Steps of Transcription A

25. RNA Splicing (editing of mRNA) A

26. Transcription Review Transcription Review (DNA to mRNA) A

28. mRNA codons Codon – sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA

30. The Genetic Code

31. Translation (mRNA to Protein) Begins at the “start” codon - AUG

32. Codon/Anti-Codon Relationship

33. Translation (mRNA to Protein) Translation continues until a “stop” codon is reached – UAA, UGA, UAG A

35. Translation Review Translation Review (mRNA to Protein) A