1. Adverbial Clause and Absolute Construction （状语从句和独立主格结构） 1. 状语从句（ Adverbial Clause ） 状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等， 在复合句中作状语。引导状语从句的关联词是从属 连词。状语从句用陈述句语序，一般位于复合句的 句首或句末。当从句在句首时，从句后常用逗号和 主句相隔。状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用分别 表示时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、条件、比 较、让步、行为方式等。 B Grammar Tips

2. 名称名称 常用连接词例句 地点 状语 从句 where, whereverWhere I live, there are plenty of trees. Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you. 方式 状语 从句 as, （ just ） as…so…, as if, as though Always do to the others as you would be done by. As water is to fish, so air is to man. He looks as if （ as though ） he had been hit by lighting. 原因 状语 从句 because, since, as, forI didn’t go because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 目的 状语 从句 so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that （ lest ） he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case it is cold. 结果 状语 从句 so…that, such…thatThe boy is so young that he can’t go to school. He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. 条件 状语 从句 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tired, let’s go out for a walk. As long as you work hard, you’ll make a success one day.

3. 让步 状语 从句 though, although ， as ， even if, even though ， whether … or … ， “ no matter + 疑问词 ” 或 “ 疑 问词 + 后缀 ever ” Although it ’ s raining, they are still working in the field. Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. We ’ ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. Whether you believe it or not, it is true. No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 时间 状语 从句 when, while, as, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. As the day went on, the weather got worse. After we had finished the work, we went home. Wait till I call you. I have been in Beijing since you left. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 比较 状语 从句 than, as … as …, the more … the more … This book is more instructive than that one. Jack is as tall as Bob. The more you listen to English, the more you like it.

4. 2. 独立主格结构 (The Absolute Construction) 独立主格结构是由名词或 代词作为逻辑主语，加上分 词、形容词、副词、动词不 定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓 语构成。独立主格结构主要 用于描绘性文字中，其作用 相当于一个状语从句，常用 来表示时间、原因、条件、 行为方式或伴随情况等。 基本形式例句 逻辑主语 + 非谓语 动词 （不定式、现在分 词、过去分词） His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 逻辑主语 + 名词 I received many gifts, many of them books. 逻辑主语 + 形容词 He entered the room, his nose red with cold. 逻辑主语 + 副词 Class over, all the students went out from the classroom. 逻辑主语 + 介词短语 Many people were lined along the streets, flags in hands.

5. Practical Tasks Choose the best answer for each of the following sentence. 1. I ’ ll let you know he comes back. A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although 2. She will sing a song she is asked. A. if B. unless C. for D. since 3. Read it aloud the class can hear you. A. so that B. if C. when D. although C A A

6. 4. you go, don ’ t forget your people. A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever 5. It is about ten years I met you last. A. since B. for C. when D. as 6. she was very tired, she went on working. A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of 7. we got to the station, the train had left already. A. If B. Unless C. Since D. When C A B D

7. 8. She was tired she could not move an inch. A. so; that B. such; that C. very; that D. so; as 9. We didn ’ t go home we finished the work. A. since B. until C. because D. though 10. You ’ ll miss the train you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until 11. no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. Because there had B B A A

8. 12.,I ’ ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time ’ s permitting 13., we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 14. yesterday ， we went out for a walk. A. As a fine day B. It was a fine day C. It being a fine day D. For it was a fine day 15. She stood there, from her cheeks. A. tears ’ rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down C C D C