1. United States History Chapter 11
Reconstruction
United States History
Chapter 11

2. Essential Question
How was the nation’s commitment to its founding ideals tested during Reconstruction?

3. Reconstruction Issues Status of former states Status of former slaves
Eleven Confederate States
Status of former slaves
Four million former slaves
Illiterate, unemployed, poor
Rebuilding the South
50% of manufacturing and agriculture destroyed
Most transportation damaged or destroyed

4. Reading Notes
Silently read Chapter 11 Section 1 and answer the following questions:
In his second inaugural address, what was Lincoln’s attitude regarding the end of the Civil War?
What happened on April 14, 1865?
To whom did the task of Reconstruction fall?

5. Lincoln
Kennedy
Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846
Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946
He was elected President in 1860
He was elected President in 1960
His wife lost a child while living in the White House
He was directly concerned with Civil Rights
Lincoln was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife
Kennedy was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife
Lincoln shot in the Ford Theatre
Kennedy shot in a Lincoln, made by Ford
He was shot on a Friday
The assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was known by three names, comprised of fifteen letters
The assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was known by three names, comprised of fifteen letters
Booth shot Lincoln in a theater and fled to a warehouse
Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and fled to a theater
Booth was killed before being brought to trial
Oswald was killed before being brought to trial
There were theories that Booth was part of a greater conspiracy
There were theories that Oswald was part of a greater conspiracy
Lincoln's successor was Andrew Johnson, born in 1808
Kennedy's successor was Lyndon Johnson, born in 1908

6. Coincidence?
In 1963 President Kennedy was invited to a celebration to mark the 100th anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln's reading of his famous Gettysburg Address at the National Cemetery.
Kennedy declined an invitation to speak and General Eisenhower filled in admirably. Kennedy did send a message which read 'Let us remember those thousands of American patriots whose graves at home, beneath the sea and in distant lands are silent sentries of our heritage'.
Kennedy had not been able to attend this event because he was needed in Texas to settle a political issue between two Texan politicians - Governor John Connally and US Senator Ralph Yarborough. Instead of attending the ceremonies on 19 November, Kennedy flew down to Texas and stayed the weekend at Lyndon B Johnson's ranch.
Three days later, on 22 November, Kennedy was assassinated as he rode through the streets of Dallas.

7. Political Cartoons
Political cartoons express the cartoonist’s opinion on a current issue through images and words
Cartoons contain some or all of the following artistic devices:
Important people
Symbols
Exaggerated details
Labels that identify parts of the cartoon
Voice or thought bubbles
A caption

9. Rail Splitter Cartoon
Silently read section 2. After you have finished reading examine the cartoon and complete the following:
Handout Questions

10. Rail Splitter Cartoon
Match each letter to one of the six artistic devices
What do you think is the cartoonist’s message?
How does the cartoonist use artistic devices to communicate his message?

11. Reading Note Answers

12. Collision on the Railroad
Silently read section 3. After you have finished reading examine the cartoon and complete the following:
Handout questions

13. Collision on the Railroad
What do you see?
What artistic devices are used?
Who are these men, and what is their attitude toward one another?
What do you think caused them to feel this way?
What do you think is the message?

15. Reading Note Answers

16. Strong Government
Silently read section 4. After you have finished reading examine the cartoon and complete the following:
Handout Questions

17. The Strong Government What do you see? What artistic devices are used?
Who is the man with the sword? Who is escorting him? Who is carrying him?
What might have happened to cause this scene?
What do you think is the message?

19. Reading Note Answers

20. Worse Than Slavery
Silently read section 5. After you have finished reading examine the cartoon and complete the following:
Handout Questions

21. Worse Than Slavery What do you see? What artistic devices are used?
Who is shaking hands?
What scene is shown beneath the two men?
Why do you think this scene is labeled “Worse Than Slavery”?
What do you think is the message?

23. Reading Note Answers

24. Homework Choose one of the following:
Create a political cartoon regarding an issue during Reconstruction. Your cartoon must contain at least three artistic devices.
Find a modern political cartoon about the nation’s founding ideals. Write a paragraph analyzing the cartoon by identifying details and explaining the cartoonist’s message.

25. Key Vocabulary
Federalism – division of power between the federal and state government
Habeas Corpus – right of a person being detained to appear in court before a judge
Popular sovereignty – right of the people to decide on a political issue
Sectionalism – strong concern for local interests

26. Key Vocabulary – Part II
Conscription – Draft
Emancipation – act of freeing slaves from bondage
Impeachment – charge a public official
Radical – person who wants to make big social, political, or economic changes in society
Secession – formal withdrawal from a group

27. Changes in the Southern Economy
Sharecropping and tenant farming
Cycle of poverty
Restoration of plantations
Challenges
KKK
Scandals
Jim Crow laws
End of Reconstruction = Compromise of 1877

28. Segregation and Discrimination
Voting Restrictions
Literacy tests
Poll tax
Grandfather clause (white only)
Jim Crow Laws
Legal separation (segregation) of races
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision allows ‘separate but equal’

29. Jim Crow Laws
Railroads The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.
Restaurants It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.
Pool and Billiard Rooms It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other at any game of pool or billiards.
Toilet Facilities, Male Every employer of white or negro males shall provide for such white or negro males reasonably accessible and separate toilet facilities.

30. Jim Crow Laws
Cohabitation Any negro man and white woman, or any white man and negro woman, who are not married to each other, who shall habitually live in and occupy in the nighttime the same room shall each be punished by imprisonment not exceeding twelve (12) months, or by fine not exceeding five hundred ($500.00) dollars.
Education The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.
Intermarriage It shall be unlawful for a white person to marry anyone except a white person. Any marriage in violation of this section shall be void.
Barbers No colored barber shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls.
Burial The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons.

31. More Jim Crow Laws
Amateur Baseball It shall be unlawful for any amateur white baseball team to play baseball on any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of a playground devoted to the Negro race, and it shall be unlawful for any amateur colored baseball team to play baseball in any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of any playground devoted to the white race. Georgia
Parks It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment of white persons...and unlawful for any white person to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the use and benefit of colored persons. Georgia

32. Success or Failure? Success Failure Social and Political Revolution
Former slaves participate in government
Expanded public education
Redistribution of land
Restoration of former slave families, churches, and communities
Failure
Political parties unable to continue reform
Continuation of ‘Cycle of Poverty’
Racial bias and intimidation
Not aligned with National priorities: ex-slave issues vs. economic issues

33. Illustrated Timeline for Era 1
Using the timeline on page create an illustrated timeline for the eight events listed.
For each event list the name of the event and the date or date range
For each event create an appropriate symbol
For each event write an original caption or headline
For each event determine and list which founding ideal represents the event

34. Review Topics Unit 3 Missouri Compromise
Andrew Jackson – spoils system
Manifest Destiny
Goals of abolitionists
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Dred Scot v. Sandford
Anaconda Plan
Soldiers life
Sharecropping
Total war
Jim Crow laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
Compromise of 1877
Emancipation Proclamation
13th Amendment
Outcomes of the Civil War
African Americans after Civil War