1. Hold a sheet of paper horizontally Make a 2 door flap Turn your foldable sideways Cut the top flap in half, making two flaps Write Need for on each top flap (leaving room for 1 more word on each) On the bottom flap, write “Effects of”, leaving room for 3 more words

2. On page 25 of your ISN: List 2 resources that are essential to industry

4. What do you see here? What might the building and machines be made of? What might the people be doing? How might they be feeling? What might be the dangers of this work? What might be the uses for the steel ingots (bars)? What words do you think we will add to our foldable?

5. Left top flap: Need for Iron Iron had traditionally been used to make tools and weapons Demand for Iron was high on the continent during war It remained in high demand due to revolutionary changes in Britain Ag Rev farming tools; Ind Rev machinery Trains and rails required vast amounts of iron as well Smelting (metallurgy) is a chemical process that removes impurities from compound iron ore Large amounts of carbon and heat are needed for smelting During smelting, injections of carbon and heat into iron ore change the metal’s atomic structure Resulting steel is more flexible and more durable

6. Right top flap: Need for Coal Before 1720, use of iron in Britain had been declining due to decreasing supply of charcoal and timber Iron industry revolutionized itself by replacing limited, expensive raw materials with widely, available, inexpensive ones Wood was in great demand for furnaces, and the timber in British forests was limited Coal supplies were abundant Various innovations led to the discovery that wood could be replaced by coal The charcoal was becoming more expensive, and they discovered that a variant of coal called ‘coke’ (coal with gases burned off) replaced the limited resource Downside of coke was that it burned more slowly and required more fuel to complete the burning, but the new steam engine solved that problem

7. Bottom Flap: Effect of Iron and Coal As steam engines and the smelting process itself needed coal to operate, the need for coal was doubly increased and the new coal industry grew By the 18 th century, coal was Britain’s largest product in her rising international trade; Mining output increased from 2.5 million tons in 1700 to 16 million tons in 1829 Coal supported Britain’s enormous navy and shipbuilding industry, the largest in all of Europe at the time No longer dependent on water power for burning fuels for smelting, the iron industry began to flourish as well In 1814, Britain exported 571,000 tons of iron, in 1852, iron exports had risen to 1,036,000 tons. World iron production was 2,000,000 tons, so Britain was producing more than all other nations combined Bessemer Process; in 1856, metallurgist Henry Bessemer devised a method that eliminated the 2 nd heating of the iron and instead, compressed gas in such a way so as to produce incredibly high temperatures. The steel was weaker, but it sped up the smelting time from 7 days to approximately 30 mins

8. What will be the next development and why? Tweet your answer using #indrevnextbigthing and @msDworldciv