1. Sea-faring traders

2. Today’s Goals: 9/2/11 Learning Goal: Why were the Phoenicians successful and what influence do they have on later cultures (even ours today)?

4. North Africa Political structure  Loose alliance of city-states, colonies throughout Mediterranean

5. A Phoenician Bireme Ship 1 st to sail beyond Strait of Gibraltar Ships were wide w/round bottoms Excellent shipbuilders and seafarers

6. Phoenician Sea Routes

7. Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest Colony Phoenicians are considered “carriers of civilization” because they traded and spread cultures throughout the Mediterranean.

8. The “Royal Purple” Dye Murex – snails used to produce a red-purple dye

9. Phoenician Glass

10. Phoenician cedar was desired trade goodPhoenician cedar was desired trade good

11. Social Structure of the Phoenicians

12. Phoenician City of Byblos: “Home of the Alphabet” Their alphabet was phonetic, meaning it was based on sounds, not pictures.

15. Today’s Goal: What were the most significant accomplishments of the Assyrians and Chaldeans?

16. Assyrian Geography

17. Assyria’s capital was established at Nineveh Walls of Nineveh Their capital at Nineveh on the Tigris river had a constant supply of fresh water. Tribute and stolen treasures were displayed in this huge capital.

18. Assyrian Society 1)Nobility 2)Artisans 3)Unskilled free workers 4)Serfs (bound to land) 5)Slaves Women had lower position

19. Assyrian Empire

20. Assyrian god – they were polytheistic

21. Assyrian god Assur

22. Nineveh held one of the ancient world’s largest libraries King Ashurbanipal collected 20,000 clay tablets, including the Epic of Gilgamesh, in this library Tablets from his library

23. Flood Tablet found in Assurbanipal’s library

24. Used cuneiform, then later Aramaic

25. Constant warfare Innovations: –Battering ram –Cavalry –Leather & metal armor –Camels for desert warfare –Conscription (draft of soldiers) –Siege tower

26. Assyrian Conquests

27. Assyrian Guardian figure Weighs 30 tons 6 ½ ft high

28. Assyrian carving

29. Assyrian Winged Bull

30. Winged Assyrian Bull

31. Chaldeans and the Medes joined to defeat the Assyrians in 612 BC Why did other people in the region celebrate when the Assyrians were defeated?

34. Capital = Babylon Restored by King Nebuchadnezzar Ruins of Nebuchadnezzar’s Babylon Nebuchadnezzar

35. Nebuchadnezzar had the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (a garden on top of the palace) built for his wife

36. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

37. Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

38. Parts of Babylon have been rebuilt by Saddam Hussein

39. Rebuilt by Saddam Hussein

40. Iraq

41. Ishtar Gate of Babylon

42. Assyrians formed the basis for both astronomy & astrology.

43. First Historical Horoscope

44. Today’s Goal: What were the most significant accomplishments of the Assyrians and Chaldeans? With a partner, list what you think are the TOP 3 accomplishments of the Assyrians and Chaldeans (be able to explain why).