1. Using the Table API

2. Standard Uses of API Populate Columns via Sequences Insert Default Values instead of nulls Populate Autogen Columns –Date Created, Date Modified –Who Created, Who Modified –Sequence within Parent Force Uppercase Domain Validation Arc validation

3. Standard Uses of API Foreign Key Cascades, Nullifies, Defaults, Restricted Delete/Update Table Journaling Derived Columns Denormalization: –Copy Parent Value to Child –Aggregate Child Values to Parent

4. Specification Summary Sequence Populated Denormalized Uppercase Domain Autogen

5. Force Uppercase Set ‘Uppercase’ to Yes Set ‘Server Derived?’ to Yes Generate Table API

6. Uppercase Only Uppercase Server Derived?

7. Autogen Code For autogen column –Set Autogen Type Date Modified/Created Created/Modified By Sequence within Parent –Set ‘Server Derived’ to Yes. Generate API

8. Autogen Columns Server Derived? Autogen Type

9. Domain Validation Via Check Constraint (non-API) Via Lookup in CG_REF_CODES table How? –Define Domain –Define Column using Domain, or –Define Column with ‘Allowable Values’ –Generate Table API

10. Server Packages Validating Domains GAME_CATEGORY ARC RV_DOMAINRV_LOW_ VALUE GAME _CATEGORY ARC GAME _CATEGORY EDU GAME _CATEGORY ROL GAME _CATEGORY SIM Triggers CG_REF_CODES DML TITLES

11. Advantages of REF_CODES DBA must alter Check constraint May have to bring down system CG_REF_CODES table can be accessed thru Application

12. Schema of CG_REF_CODES RV_DOMAIN –Domain name, or –Table.column RV_LOW_VALUE –One legal value, e.g., UT –Low value of a range RV_HIGH_VALUE RV_ABBREVIATION, e.g., UNIT RV_MEANING, e.g., Unit Test

13. Domain Validation

14. Server Derived? Domain

15. How to Populate with Sequence Make sure sequence is defined For Populated Column: –Set ‘Sequence’ to desired sequence Generate API

16. Populate with Sequence Server Derived? Sequence Sequence Defined

17. Validating Arcs GAMES # * PRODUCT_CODE... TITLES # * PRODUCT_CODE * TITLE... o MO_PRODUCT_CODE o GA_PRODUCT_CODE... MOVIES # * PRODUCT_CODE... DML Triggers Server Packages

18. Arc Validation Explicit style only: one column for each FK in Arc For each FK in Table with Arc, –Set ‘Arc Number’ same for same arc –Set ‘Arc Mandatory’ to Yes or No Generate Table API for Table

19. Performing Cascade Update Triggers PRODUCT_CODE 25 TI_PRODUCT_CODE 25 TITLES COPIES Update 30 Server Packages 30

20. Cascading Updates/Deletes For foreign key, –Set ‘Update Rule’ –Set ‘Delete Rule’ –Set ‘Validate In’ to Server or Both Generate Table API for Parent and Child at Same Time Usually best to generate whole API at one time

21. Foreign Key Cascade FK properties (NOT FK Column) Delete Rule Validate in Server

22. Journal Tables Have all fields of Base Table Plus: operation, date, user, application Contains only needed table data –Key for deletes –Key plus updated columns for updates

23. Server Packages Journaling Tables PRODUCT_CODE... TITLES TITLES_JN Triggers DML 30 30

24. To Set Up Journaling Table Property: ‘Journal’ Set to –‘Server’ –or ‘Client Calls Server Procedure’ Generate API

25. Denormalization Most Common: Bring Parent Value (e.g., Department Name) into Child Column (e.g., Employee Table) Aggregate Children (Count, Sum, Average of Child Column)

26. Copying Denormalized Values PRODUCT_CODE TITLE 30 TITANIC TITLES TI_PRODUCT_CODE TITLE COPIES By foreign key DML 30 Server Packages TITANIC Triggers

27. How To Denormalize into Child In Child table, for target column –Set ‘From Column’ to column in Parent. –Set ‘Via Foreign Key’ as appropriate. –Set ‘Server Derived’ to Yes Generate API for both parent and child.

28. Denormalization...

29. How to Aggregate into Parent For target column in parent –Set ‘From Column’ –Set ‘Via Foreign Key’ –Set ‘Using Operator’ (Count, Sum, etc.) –Set ‘Server Derived’ to Yes Generate API for Parent and Child

30. Column Derivations Calculate value based on columns in the same record –Area := Height * Width –Name := Lname || ‘, ‘ || Fname For target column –set ‘Derivation Expression Type’ to SQL Expression –Enter ‘Derivation Expression’ –Set Server Derived to Yes Generate API

31. Specification Summary Sequence Populated Denormalized Uppercase Domain Autogen

32. Generate DB from Server Model

33. REF_CODES Table Created PROMPT Creating Table 'CG_REF_CODES' CREATE TABLE CG_REF_CODES (RV_DOMAIN VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,RV_LOW_VALUE VARCHAR2(240) NOT NULL,RV_HIGH_VALUE VARCHAR2(240),RV_ABBREVIATION VARCHAR2(240),RV_MEANING VARCHAR2(240) ) /

34. REF_CODES Table Populated DELETE FROM CG_REF_CODES WHERE R V _DOMAIN = 'PCH_TYPE_TYPE' / INSERT INTO CG_REF_CODES (RV_DOMAIN, …) VALUES ('PCH_TYPE_TYPE', 'OT', NULL, 'OTHER', 'Other') / INSERT INTO CG_REF_CODES (RV_DOMAIN, …) VALUES ('PCH_TYPE_TYPE', 'EQ', NULL, 'EQUIP', 'Equipment over $500') /...

35. Generate Table API

36. Some Messages for Purchases Creating Table API Error Package CG$ERRORS... Creating Table API Package Specification for Table 'PURCHASES'...... Creating Table API Package Body for Table 'PURCHASES'...... Creating Trigger Logic for Table 'PURCHASES'... Creating Before Delete Statement Trigger on 'PURCHASES'... Creating Before Delete Row Trigger on 'PURCHASES'... Creating After Delete Row Trigger on 'PURCHASES'... Creating After Delete Statement Trigger on 'PURCHASES'...

37. Package Spec Trigger flag to avoid recursive call Useful Constants Row variable for Table Table variable for Table Procedures ins, upd, del, lck, slct Procedures for validating arc, domains, cascading, denormalization

38. Up_autogen_columns -- Code highlights IF (operation = 'INS') THEN BEGIN IF (cg$rec.PURCHASES_ID is NULL) THEN -- SEQUENCE SELECT PCH_SEQ.nextval INTO cg$rec.PURCHASES_ID FROM DUAL; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN cg$errors.push(SQLERRM, ….) cg$errors.raise_failure; END; cg$rec.CREATOR := user; -- AUTOGEN cg$rec.CREATEDATE := trunc(sysdate); END IF; cg$rec.ITEM := upper(cg$rec.ITEM); -- UPPERCASE IF(cg$rec.PCH_DNUMBER IS NULL) THEN cg$rec.DNAME := NULL; ELSE SELECT DNAME INTO cg$rec.DNAME -- DENORMALIZATION FROM DEPARTMENTS WHERE DNUMBER = cg$rec.PCH_DNUMBER; END IF;

39. Test With SQLPLUS SQL> insert into purchases( 2 PURCHASES_ID,PCH_DNUMBER,DNAME,ITEM,PCH_TYPE,QUANTITY,COST, 3 CREATOR,CREATEDATE) 4 values( 5 null, 10, null, 'soap', 'SU', 1, 10, 6 null,null); ID DNO DNAME ITEM PC QTY COST CREATOR CREATEDAT ---- ---- --------------- ----- -- ---- ---- ---------- --------- 5 10 ADMINISTRATION SOAP SU 1 10 IBL 16-APR-00

40. Test with Form