1. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 1 1 Diamond Light Source Vacuum Systems Matthew Cox matthew.cox@diamond.ac.uk

2. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 2 2 What is Diamond? 3 rd generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source Currently under construction near Oxford, UK First user beam planned for 2007 Constructed and operated by Joint Venture Company (Diamond Light Source Ltd) between UK Government represented by CCLRC (86%) and Wellcome Trust (14%) 7 phase one beamlines increasing by 4-5 per year (maximum around 40 beamlines) Optimised to produce high intensity focused x-rays from 100 eV to 100 keV for research in physics, chemistry, materials science and crystallography

3. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 3 3 Diamond main parameters 3 GeV 300 mA (later 500 mA) 24-cell Double Bend Achromat (DBA) design (48 dipole magnets) 6-fold symmetry 18 x 5.3 m straights 6 x 8.3 m straights (4 available for IDs) Emittance (H,V) 2.7, 0.03 nm rad Lifetime 10 – 20 hours

4. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 4 4 Diamond vacuum systems SubsystemLengthTarget operating pressure Linac (100 MeV)15 m10 -8 mbar LTB transfer line30 m10 -8 mbar Booster ring (100 MeV – 3 GeV) 158.4 m circumference10 -8 mbar (10 -9 mbar in RF cavity) BTS transfer line50 m10 -8 - 10 -9 mbar Storage ring (3 GeV)561.6 m circumference10 -9 mbar Front ends10 m10 -9 mbar Beamlines15 m to 50 m and more10 -10 to 10 -7 mbar typically

5. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 5 5 Diamond layout Booster Linac Storage ring Beamlines Aerial photo 04 June 04

6. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 6 6 Storage ring overview 24 identical arcs (17.35 m) each containing 2 bending (dipole) magnets + numerous quadrupole and sextupole magnets 2 crotches (x-ray beam outlets to front ends and beamlines) No in-situ bakeout (except for ion pumps) Assembled, processed and installed on 3 girders 24 straights 18 short (5.3 m) ID straights 6 long (8.3 m) straights (Injection, RF, Diagnostics) In-situ bakeout generally Total circumference 561.6 m

7. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 7 7 Storage ring arc 17.35 m long Assembled, processed and installed in 3 sections Dipole Sector isolation valve Front end isolation valve

8. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 8 8 Storage ring arc pumping and instrumentation Differential (noble) diode ion pump (16) NEG cartridge pump (2) TSP (2) All-metal gate valves (4) of which 2 have RF liner All-metal right-angle valves (4) Inverted magnetron / Pirani gauge pair (4) RGA (2) Roughing by mobile turbo/scroll pump cart

9. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 9 9 Storage ring materials and processing Target pressure 10 -9 mbar with full stored current after 100 A.h of beam conditioning Mainly 316 LN stainless steel with 316 L in less critical places Out-of-vacuum ID vessels extruded aluminium with NEG coating Mixture of distributed and discrete copper absorbers No antechamber No in-situ bakeout for storage ring arcs except for ion pumps Pre-installation bakeout to 200-250°C Nitrogen venting and purging with pre-baked components for minor interventions Whole sector removed for major interventions Spare processed sector on standby In-situ bakeout for straights and front ends

10. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 10 10 Dipole and crotch vessel assembly Total 48 assemblies 3.5/3.8 m long 2 crotch vessel variants Bellows with RF assembly X-ray beam channel Crotch absorber port Finger absorber port Rectangular Conflat joint e-beam channel e-beam direction Pumping port

11. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 11 11 Photon absorbers Explosion bonded OFHC copper distributed absorber Discrete crotch and finger absorbers, OFHC copper vacuum brazed

12. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 12 12 Storage ring vacuum assembly and installation 6 m vacuum “string” assembly and pre-alignment on trolleys Lift into oven Bakeout to 200-250°C Lift under vacuum to Girder Assembly area Pump down and leak test Integrate with girders, magnets and services Crane into final position through the SR tunnel roof Vent to dry nitrogen, make vacuum interconnections to straights and pump down Transport up to 16 tonne girders ≈1000 m to synchrotron building Vacuum conditioning with stored beam Repeat 71 times Vessels cleaned and baked to 250°C at suppliers Bake straights in situ as needed

13. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 13 13 Storage ring assembly and installation

14. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 14 14 Injection system Pre-baked booster vacuum vessel and ion pump supplied under vacuum as part of girder assembly “Turnkey” Linac system Part of LTB transfer line assembled on site from vessels

15. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 15 15 Front ends 3 main designs of front end: Undulator (6 phase one) Superconducting multipole wiggler (1 phase one) Bending magnet Procured as complete assemblies baked and vacuum tested Absorbers for the undulator front ends

16. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 16 16 Beamlines and insertion devices 7 phase one beamlines Macromolecular crystallography x 3 Extreme Conditions Materials and Magnetism Microfocus Spectroscopy Nanoscience (UHV) 7 phase one insertion devices 5 in-vacuum undulators 1 out-of-vacuum undulator 1 superconducting multipole wiggler

17. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 17 17 Installation and commissioning status LinacStarted beam commissioning Booster30 - 40 % installed Transfer lines50% of LTB installed Storage ring32% of girders installed Front endsFirst front end in final test at the supplier BeamlinesBeamline components starting to be delivered

18. Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept 2005 - SLIDE 18 18 Acknowledgements Diamond Vacuum Group ASTeC Vacuum Science Group Diamond Project Team