1. BELL RINGER  Many critics have claimed that foot- binding was a way to restrict women’s freedom. Are there beauty practices in America that might be intended to restrict women?

2. Chinese Society and Culture Chapter 9 Section 2

3. Economic Changes  Population Increase Grew from 80 million between 1390 and the end of the 1700’s.  Less land for each family. Shortages led to unrest.

4. Economic Changes…Con’t  Unlike Europe, China didn’t develop the Commercial Capitalism: Private business based on profit.  Merchants not as independent in China. Government controlled trade and manufacturing and raised taxes.

5. Daily Life in China  The Confucian ideals on family remained strong and contributed to the stability of the Chinese society. Confucius Who is Confucius? A Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought and life. “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.” - Confucius

6. The Chinese Family  The family met each other needs, and were expected to sacrifice their individual desires for the good of the family. What would you sacrifice for your family??

7. All Under One Roof  The ideal family was the extended family. As many as four generations under one roof. Son brought their wives and unmarried daughters remained home. Elderly given the utmost respect.

8. The Clan  Clan: consisted of dozens, or even hundreds, of related families. Clan council and religious and social activities linked the families. Wealthier families helped out poorer families within the clan.

9. Role of Women  Women were inferior to men.  Only males were educated and had careers.  Men could divorce their wife if she didn’t produce sons.

10. Footbinding  Bound feet were a status symbol and made getting married easier.  Up to 2/3’s of Chinese Women bound their feet.  Painful process and women with bound feet could not walk.

11. Footbinding

12. Cultural Developments  Traditional Chinese culture reached new heights in the Ming and Qing Dynsaty.  The Golden Lotus: The first realistic social novel with its criticism of the excesses of the powerful and wealthy.

13. Chinese Literature  The Dream of the Red Chamber. Written by Cao Xuegin and published in 1791. Still considered China’s most popular novel.

14. Chinese Architecture  The Most outstanding example is the Imperial City in Beijing. An immense walled compound with a maze of apartments, offices, and stately apartments. Became known as the Forbidden city because commoners could not enter.