1. Learning Chapter

2. Classical Conditioning Module 19

3. Experiencing Classical Conditioning Module 19: Classical Conditioning

4. Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience

5. Classical Conditioning Type of learning where a stimulus gains the power to cause a response The stimulus predicts another stimulus that already produces that response Form of learning by association

6. Stimulus-Response Stimulus - anything in the environment that one can respond to Response – any behavior or action

7. Stimulus-Response Relationship

9. Components of Classical Conditioning Module 19: Classical Conditioning

10. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically

11. Unconditioned Response (UCR) Automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus The relationship between the UCS and UCR must be reflexive and not learned

12. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Previously neutral stimulus that, through learning, gains the power to cause a response The CS must be a neutral stimulus before conditioning occurs.

13. Conditioned Response Response to the conditioned stimulus Usually the same behavior as the UCR

14. Classical Conditioning Processes: Acquisition Module 19: Classical Conditioning

15. Acquisition Process of developing a learned response The subject learns a new response (CR) to a previously neutral stimulus (CS)

16. Acquisition

17. Classical Conditioning Processes: Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery Module 19: Classical Conditioning

18. Extinction Diminishing of a learned response In classical conditioning, the continual presentation of the CS without the UCS

19. Extinction

20. Spontaneous Recovery The return of an extinguished classically conditioned response after a rest period

21. Spontaneous Recovery

22. Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery Module 19: Classical Conditioning

23. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Learning theorist famous for discovery of classical conditioning

24. Pavlov’s Method of Collecting Saliva

25. Pavlov’s Research Apparatus

26. Ivan Pavlov Play “Classical Conditioning” (3:09) Segment #10 from Psychology: The Human Experience. Includes segments from John Watson’s Little Albert Experiment

27. Ivan Pavlov Insert “Pavlov’s Discovery of Classical Conditioning” Video #6 from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM. Please Note: There are multiple video clips for this concept.

28. Pavlov’s Experiment

31. Generalization and Discrimination Module 19: Classical Conditioning

32. Generalization Producing the same response to two similar stimuli The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response

33. Generalization

34. Discrimination Producing different responses to two stimuli The subject learns that one stimuli predicts the UCS and the other does not.

35. John Watson and the Classical Conditioning of Emotions Module 19: Classical Conditioning

36. Behaviorism View that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes Founded by John Watson

37. Little Albert 11-month-old infant Watson and Rosalie Rayner, conditioned Albert to be frightened of white rats Led to questions about experimental ethics

38. Little Albert--Before Conditioning Insert “Watson’s Little Albert” Video #7a from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

39. Little Albert – Before Conditioning

40. Little Albert – During Conditioning

41. Little Albert – After Conditioning Insert “Watson’s Little Albert” Video #7b from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

42. Little Albert – After Conditioning

43. Little Albert - Generalization Insert “Watson’s Little Albert” Video #7c from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

44. Little Albert - Generalization

45. Cognition and Biological Predispositions Module 19: Classical Conditioning

46. Cognition Mental processes What effect does cognition have on learning?

47. Robert Rescorla (1940- ) Developed a theory emphasizing the importance of cognitive processes in classical conditioning Developed theory with Allan Wagner Pointed out that subjects had to determine (think) whether the CS was a reliable predictor of the UCS

48. Taste Aversion Subjects become classically conditioned to avoid specific tastes, because the tastes are associated with nausea. John Garcia (1917- )

49. The End

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