1. ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 11 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PART B The Cardiovascular System

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Regulation of Heart Rate  Increased heart rate  ______________ nervous system  Crisis  Low blood pressure  ______________  Epinephrine  Thyroxine  ____________  Decreased _________________

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Regulation of Heart Rate  ______________ heart rate  ______________ nervous system  ___________________or blood volume  Dereased venous return

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Vessels: The Vascular System  Taking blood to the tissues and back  Arteries  Arterioles  Capillaries  Venules  Veins Figure 11.8a

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pulse  Pulse – pressure wave of blood  Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated Figure 11.16

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Pressure  Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries  Systolic – pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction  Diastolic – pressure when ventricles relax  Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure Figure 11.18

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors  Temperature  Heat has a ______________ effect  Cold has a ______________ effect  Chemicals  Various substances can cause increases or decreases  Diet

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Factors Determining Blood Pressure Figure 11.19

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Variations in Blood Pressure  Human normal range is variable  Normal  140–110 mm Hg systolic  80–75 mm Hg diastolic  ____________  Low systolic (below _____ mm HG)  Often associated with illness  _____________  High systolic (above _____ mm HG)  Can be dangerous if it is chronic

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Capillary Exchange  Substances exchanged due to concentration gradients  _________ and __________ leave the blood  ________ _________ and other wastes leave the cells

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System  A simple “tube heart” develops in the embryo and pumps by the ________ week  The heart becomes a _______ _________ organ by the end of _________ weeks  Few structural changes occur after the seventh week