1. North Africa Guide Brogan Demint Swini Tummala Hour 5

2. Topography As we all know, Africa has some of the most unique landforms and natural resources in the world. There are three main zones in North Africa and they are the desert zone (consisting of the Sahara desert), the plateau zone, and the coastal zone. There is also a Tropical zone, but its very small and in northern Egypt. There are also a few lakes and rivers, such the Nile river and Lake Chad. The Nile river is the longest flowing river in the world. Lake Chad is fed chiefly by the Chari and Logone rivers. It is tough to live near the Sahara desert due to the lack of rainfall, and therefore, water. The valley of the Nile (situated in Egypt) is easier to live near since you have a water source for yourself and for your crops.

3. Climate and Rainfall As the topography changes, so does the climate. In the coastal region winter temperatures averaging from 10° to 12°c (50° to 54°f) and average summer temperatures ranging from 24° to 26°c (75° to 79°f). Rainfall in this region is abundant—38 to 69 cm (15 to 27 in) per year. In the Sahara Desert, temperatures range from -10° to 34°c (14° to 93°f), with extreme highs of 49°c (120°f). There are daily variations of more than 44°c (80° f) In the plateau zone, winters average 4° to 6°c (39° to 43°f), with considerable frost and occasional snow on the massifs; summers average 26° to 28°c (79° to 82°f) There are some climatic hazards to beware of. The two main ones are sandstorms, which occur in the desert, and flash floods in the central belt

4. Vegetation There isn’t much to say about the vegetation in North Africa, it’s all the same in each area. The mountain regions contain large forests of evergreens (Aleppo pine, juniper, and evergreen oak) and some deciduous trees; On the coastal plain, the grape vine is indigenous; Vegetation in the Sahara is sparse and widely scattered. Animal life is varied but scarce.

5. Imports/Exports and Industries The major export in North Africa over all is oil. The rest of their exports do not account for nearly as much. Other exports were petroleum, cotton, and textiles. Their main import is food and medicine. North African industries include cotton processing, slaughterhouses, flour mill complex, a sugar refinery, and textile plants. There are also rice and peanut oil mills, a brewery, a soft-drink plant, a soap factory, and a cigarette factory.

6. Transportation and Standard of Living Transportation varies from dirt tracks suitable for camels and donkeys to a coastal highway extending for 1,822 km (1,132 mi) between the Tunisian and Egyptian borders. Chad suffers from poor transportation both within the country and to outside markets; its economic development depends on the expansion of transport facilities. During the rainy season, the roads become impassable and the economy slows down almost to a standstill. There are no railways. Egypt's transportation system is well developed; Egypt had some 3,500 km (2,175 mi) of inland waterways. However, the Nile River and the Suez Canal are the country's main inland waterways Much of Africa is poor, but not so much in North Africa. Mainly in central regions, so the lower part of North Africa.

7. Currency and Technology The Currency used in most of North Africa is fine troy ounces there are many institutes for cotton research. There is a national telecommunications school in Sarh.