1. www.soran.edu.iq ده ‌ روونزانى گه ­ شه م. فیروز مروئی میلان قۆناغه‌کانی گه‌شه‌کردنی ئه‌خلاقی 1

2. www.soran.edu.iq Moral Development 2

3. www.soran.edu.iq Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development: May be based roughly on the cognitive development of Jean Piaget. – Broken down into 3 Levels, with 2 stages in each level. – Tests to determine which stage the individual are in are dependent on responses to Kohlberg’s Dilemmas.

4. www.soran.edu.iq Moral Development Level 1: Pre-Conventional: Moral choices are based on reward and punishment. ◦ Stage 1: Might Makes Right aka Punishment- Obedience  Obedience to authority is to avoid punishment, while still furthering self-interest.  Very young children ◦ Stage 2: Looking Out For Number One aka Tit-for-Tat aka Quid Pro Quo aka You Scratch My Back, I’ll Scratch Your  Moral decisions are based on what the individual can get out of the situation.  Young/elementary aged children

5. www.soran.edu.iq Moral Development Level 2: Conventional: Moral decisions are based on laws and trying to appear “good” to others. ◦ Stage 3: Good Girl/Nice Boy aka Conformity aka Instrumental Conformity  Moral decisions are based on what will make others like and approve of the individual.  Middle school aged children. ◦ Stage 4: Law and Order aka Law of the Land aka Judgment  Moral decisions are based on being a good, law-abiding citizen.  Teenagers and many adults.

6. www.soran.edu.iq Moral Development Level 3: Post-Conventional: Moral decisions are based on using one’s own conscience to decide right and wrong. ◦ Stage 5: Social Contract aka Social Conformity aka Social Contract and Individual Rights  Moral decisions are based on a social contract stating that the laws in place are for the greater good of society. Any deviance will violate this contract and could lead to chaos.  Only a small portion of society.

7. www.soran.edu.iq Moral Development Level 3: Post-Conventional: Moral decisions are based on using one’s own conscience to decide right and wrong. – Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles aka Universal Principles Moral decisions are based on a universal values and rights that all individuals deserve. – Life, Love, Peace, Happiness, Property, Education, etc. Only a handful of people have ever coded into this category.

8. www.soran.edu.iq Moral Development Gilligan continued Kohlberg’s theory, stating that.. – Girls tend to develop morals based on compassion and care – Boys tend to develop morals based on justice and judgment