1. Program in NHP Neuroimaging Calum Avison

2. Overview Rationale Rationale Biophysics Biophysics Biology / behavior Biology / behavior Facilities / Capabilities Facilities / Capabilities Imaging Imaging Support Equipment Support Equipment Staff Staff Projects Projects DTI Tractography Validation DTI Tractography Validation Rhesus (3T) - neurodevelopmental consequences of cocaine exposure in utero Rhesus (3T) - neurodevelopmental consequences of cocaine exposure in utero Squirrel monkey (9.4T) - neural correlates of tactile illusion / correlation with optical imaging and electrophysiology Squirrel monkey (9.4T) - neural correlates of tactile illusion / correlation with optical imaging and electrophysiology

3. NHP Rationale - Biology Structural Homology? Structural Homology? Functional Homology? Functional Homology?

4. Project 1 - Prenatal Cocaine Exposure (PNCE)

5. Prenatal Cocaine Exposure in Rhesus Developmental neurobiology Developmental neurobiology PNCE  behavioral/cognitive impairment? PNCE  behavioral/cognitive impairment? Structure Structure Functional circuitry Functional circuitry Pre-/post-synaptic defects in neurotransmission Pre-/post-synaptic defects in neurotransmission Methodology Methodology  PET mapping of receptors, neurotransmitter release  PET mapping of receptors, neurotransmitter release High resolution structural MRI + VBM High resolution structural MRI + VBM High resolution DTI High resolution DTI fMRI responses to pre-/post-synaptic agents fMRI responses to pre-/post-synaptic agents Co-registration Co-registration

6. Co-registered (ABA) PET/MR images of Rhesus Monkey T1-weighted MR image acquired on a human 3T scanner Summed image from a 3-hr acquisition after 4.9 mCi injection of the D2 receptor ligand [F-18]fallypride

7. HARDI / FORECAST - NHP (92 directions) p_2_17 p_2_22 p_2_27p_2_31 1.5 mm isotropic 2ch FLEX-M coil SENSE, R=1.5

8. DTI Tractography

9. HARDI / FORECAST - NHP (92 directions) p_2_17p_2_22p_2_27p_2_31 0.8 mm isotropic 2ch FLEX-M coil SENSE

10. Implementation on Intera Achieva 3T Humans - 2 mm isotropic; 32, 92 directions Humans - 2 mm isotropic; 32, 92 directions Neonatal development Neonatal development Normal and abnormal Normal and abnormal Developmental abnormalities Developmental abnormalities Correlation with ss-fMRI (structure begets function) Correlation with ss-fMRI (structure begets function) NHPs - 0.8 mm isotropic; 92 directions NHPs - 0.8 mm isotropic; 92 directions Validation of HAR diffusion methods Validation of HAR diffusion methods Structural homology (y/n?) with humans Structural homology (y/n?) with humans y  Model of human brain y  Model of human brain n  Brain evolution n  Brain evolution Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure

11. HARDI / FORECAST - Human (92 directions) h_03

12. HARDI / FORECAST Human vs NHP (92 directions) h_03 p_2_17

13. HARDI / FORECAST Human vs NHP (92 directions) h_09 p_2_22

14. HARDI / FORECAST Human vs NHP (92 directions) h_10 p_2_25

15. NHP at 3T 2ch FLEX-M coil SENSE

16. NHP at 3T

19. Coregistration (Overlay) functional2D anatomic Draw Volumes-of-interest - Look at timecourse information for each VOI - Statistics: GLM, ROI analysis Coregistration using gyri information to match 2D and 3D

20. Volumes-of-interest Putamen (Divided into RH and LH) Caudate head (Divided into RH and LH) supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC1) Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC2)

21. BrainVoyager Capability Graph and Table of beta weight values General Linear Model Can apply statistics and obtain timecourse of only significantly activated voxels. (above: TC of significantly activated voxels of all six determined volumes-of-interest. 1.0 mg Cocaine administered at volume 200.)