1. TAKS Review Objective 2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of living systems and the environment.

2. Organization of Living Things Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organisms Populations

3. Photosynthesis… Light + CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2

4. Energy Flow through Living organisms.. Sun  producers  primary consumers  secondary consumers Food chains Food webs…  decomposers

5. Texas Food Web Which of these are producers? Which of these are primary consumers? Which of these are secondary consumers? Which of these are tertiary consumers?

6. Genetics… The study of genes and heredity Inside the cell is the nucleus Chromosomes are in the nucleus Genes are found on the chromosomes Genes are made of DNA

7. Punnett Square Used to predict genotype and phenotype possible outcomes and calculate percentage chance Phenotype = what it looks like Genotype = the actual genetic makeup

8. Alleles…genotype P = dominant allele p = recessive allele PP = homozygous dominant Pp = heterozygous pp = homozygous recessive Mom is heterozygous and Dad is also heterozygous. One offspring is homozygous dominant, two are heterozygous, and one is homozygous recessive. ¼ or 25% chance of homozygous dominant ½ or 50% chance of heterozygous ¼ or 25% chance of homozygous recessive

9. Alleles…phenotype P = brown hair p = black hair Mom & Dad both have brown hair Three offspring have brown hair One offspring has black hair ¾ or 75% chance to have brown hair ¼ or 25% chance to have black hair

10. Punnett Practice… What is the chance of having an affected offspring? What is the chance of having a homozygous dominant offspring? What is the chance of having a heterozygous offspring? 2 out of 4 or 50% 0 out of 4 or 0% 2 out of 4 or 50%

11. Human activity… effects the environment both in positive and negative ways. There are consequences of all our actions on the both biotic and abiotic factors…

12. Question… As an athlete is running a 5-K race, her cells need more oxygen. Which change or changes will best meet the increased demand for oxygen? Breathing rate must increase to increase oxygen levels, and heart rate must increase to move the oxygen to the cells faster.

13. Question Which organisms are both secondary and tertiary consumers in this partial desert food web?

14. Question Which of the following is an example of an environmental trait rather than a genetic trait in a dog? A. blonde, curly hair B. high patched bark C. rolling over on command D. long, straight tail E. the ability to swim F. drinking when thirsty C. rolling over on command

15. Question Flowers in a vase have enough turgor pressure to look fresh. If they lose turgor pressure, they become wilted. How is turgor pressure maintained? A. air is pumped into flowers B. water moves into cells C. minerals turn to crystals D. more sugar is produced E. water is pumped out of the cells F. more sugar is consumed B. water moves into cells

16. Question Which of the following human activities will directly affect the levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere in a negative way? A. planting trees B. carpooling C. recycling D. deforestation E. conserving energy F. conserving water D. deforestation

17. Reminders… Recognize the flow of energy through food chains and food webs Recognize the role of DNA and that it is genetic material, not molecular structures Be able to use Punnett Square to predict genetic outcomes Know positive & negative consequences of human activities resulting in degrees of environmental consequences »Any questions???