2. Adolescence Period of life between age 10 and 20 when a person is transformed from a child into an adult.

3. Physical Changes Growth Spurt – Rapid increase in height and weight that begins, on average, at about 10 in girls and 12 in boys. Begin to compare yourself to celebrities, models, etc.

4. Physical Changes Puberty – The onset of sexual maturation at ages 12-13. Sexual organs develop rapidly Menstrual cycle begins in girls Not when sexual attraction first begins.

5.  Puberty is the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproduction  Begins with  First ejaculation for boys  First menstrual period, or menarche, for girls Puberty

6.  Follows a surge of hormones which:  May intensify mood  Triggers a 2 year period of rapid physical development  Begins at age 11 for girls and age 13 for boys  Boys experience a growth spurt, and grow taller than girls Puberty

7. Primary Sex Characteristics Reproductive organs and external genitalia develop dramatically Secondary Sex Characteristics Nonreproductive traits develop Breasts and hips in girls Facial hair and deepened voice in boys Underarm and pubic hair in both Puberty

8. Boys and girls first feel attraction towards each other a year or two before puberty Puberty begins at different ages for different individuals Early or late development can have psychological consequences Adolescents brain is still developing Brings improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the long term Puberty

9. Physical Changes Early and Late Developers Adolescents develop at varied rates.

10. Physical Changes Adolescent Sexual Activity Capacity to reproduce is the single most important development for adolescents. Confusing for many Changes in sexual customs in the last 50 years Average age Boys: 16 Average age Girls: 17

11. Physical Changes Teen Pregnancy and Childbearing Declined dramatically in the last 50 years U.S. highest in industrialized world Can be devastating for mother Research shows: Low birth weight Higher illness rate Neurological problems

12. Cognitive Changes Some reach formal operational stage Manipulate abstract concepts Speculate about alternative possibilities Reason in hypothetical terms

13. Cognitive Changes Formal Operational Stage leads to: Egocentrism and feelings of invincibility Imaginary Audience - Tendency to feel they are constantly being watched and judged by others. Personal Fable – Unrealistic sense of their own uniqueness.

14. At the top of a blank, white sheet of paper write: “Adolescent Physical and Cognitive Development Graphic Organizer” Create a graphic organizer for adolescent physical and cognitive development. Activity Adolescent Development Cognitive Development Physical Development

15. Personality and Social Development Stormy and Stressful? Not so much Most teens claim to have healthy, happy, and un-disruptive lives. Degree of stress varies between each individual.

16. Forming Identity Erik Erikson and James Marcia Identity vs. Role Confusion Who am I? Failure to form identity during adolescence leads to confusion, stress, and poor self esteem.

17. Forming an Identity Identity Crisis – Period of self exploration. 4 possible outcomes Identity Achievement – Know who you are. Identity Foreclosure – Settle on identity others have chosen for you. Moratorium – Have not settled yet. Identity Diffusion – Avoid finding an identity or role. Often leads to alcohol and drug addiction.

18. Problems in Adolescence Cliques Relationships with parents Declines in self esteem Depression and Suicide Youth Violence

19. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper titled “Clique Activity”. How do you identify yourself at Gateway High School? Do you identify with a specific clique or group? Have you always identified yourself with that clique or group? Do your friends influence what group or clique you belong too? Do all you friends belong to the same clique or group? Do you parents influence who your friends are, or what clique you belong too? Individual Questions

20. What is a clique? Are there cliques at Gateway High School? What cliques are there at GHS? Activity

21. As a team discuss and record your responses to the following questions. Be honest and respectful. 1.What is your clique called? 2.Why do you belong to this clique? 3.How do you perceive yourselves and your clique? 4.How do others perceive you and your clique? 5.What are the positive attributes of your clique? 6.What are the negatives attributes? 7.Does race or culture play a factor? Team Questions (5 Minutes)