1. TRAUMA AND LOSS KIWEWE HASARA

2. DEFINITION Trauma is an emotional response to a terrible event  Injury.  Accident  Rape.  Natural disaster.  Physical stress including abuse or neglect.  Emotional/psychological neglect or abuse.  The loss of parents, siblings, relatives, friends and neighbors.  Institutionalization is a particular type of trauma.

3. TRAUMA TYPES One-time incidents like accidents, natural disasters, crimes, surgeries, deaths, and other violent events. Chronic or repetitive experiences such as child abuse, neglect, combat, urban violence, battering relationships. As traumatic as One-time incidents are, the repetitive experiences result in the most serious mental and health problems.

4. EMOTIONAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TRAUMA  Trauma Overwhelms (kuzidiwa) the individual and damages his/her ability to cope.  Daily tasks of living ( Getting out of bed, working, studying)  Changes. (moving to a new house/school, birth of a child in the family)  Life tasks. (relationships, communication)  Trauma Does not allow a person to grow and develop to their maximum potential.  A person feels emotionally, and physically overwhelmed by life experiences.

5. MYTHS WRONG PERCEPTIONS OF CHILDREN'S TRAUMA 1) The effects of abuse/neglect and other traumas to young children will “vanish” as long as they are in a loving home. 2) If a child has no cognitive memory of a loss, they have no long lasting effects. PRESENTED BY C. LYNNE EDWARDS, LCSW

6. MYTHS 3) There is nothing that parents or anyone can do to change the impact of their child’s early traumatic experiences. 4) Behavior can best be managed by rules and punishment. PRESENTED BY C. LYNNE EDWARDS, LCSW

7. EXPERIENCE OF TRAUMA Trauma is experienced through the body, mind and spirit and has a long term impact. 7

8. RESPONSE TO TRAUMA AFFECTED BY…  Child’s age  Child’s perception of the danger  Whether the child was a victim or witness  Child’s past experience with trauma  Child’s relationship to the attacker  Presence/availability of adults to help 8

9. Trauma effects Biology. Biolojia Behavior. Tabia Self-Concept and World View.

10. BIOLOGY  High blood pressure And high pulse.  sweating, blushing, shivering.  Unexplained physical symptoms-like anxiousness, fear, nightmares.  Increased medical problems.

11. BEHAVIOR  Poor impulse control.  Self-destructive behavior/aggression.  Sleep disturbances/eating disorders.  Fear create responses like-fight, freeze or flight.

12. SELF-CONCEPT AND WORLD VIEW  World is not a safe place to be.  I’m a bad child; everything bad is my fault.  People who love you, hurt you and/or abandon you.  My feelings don’t matter.

13. WHAT DOES THIS LOOKS LIKE IN CHILDREN…  Fear and anxiety  Internalized beliefs - I’m a bad kid, I can’t trust adults, people who say they love you can hurt and/or leave you, the world is not a safe place to be, etc’.  Control issues - children feel so out of control they try to control everything in whatever way they can. 13

14. WHAT DOES THIS LOOKS LIKE IN CHILDREN…  Sensory issues - sensitive to touch or loud noises.  Delayed development.  Pull/Push - afraid of getting close.  High risk behaviors. 14

15. What can you do to help children feel safe and secure in your class?

16. WHAT YOU CAN DO  learning about trauma.  helping parents and children receive appropriate services and treatment.  using what we now know to make better informed decisions.

17. ESTABLISH SAFETY AND SECURITY  Provide opportunities for children to receive positive human physical contact. Like a touch on a shoulder or a hug.  Help children get enough sleep and nutrition.  Provide them with physical symbols of nurturing, love, or remembrance (life books).

18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8vZxDa2KPM