1. Rome 500 BC- 500 AD Why Study Rome?  Republic- Form of government where power rests with the citizens who elect others to make the decisions, representatives.  Roman Law- universally applied, principals of reason, justice, protection of citizens and their property. –Equal treatment under the law –Innocent until proven guilty –Burden of proof on the accuser –Unfair, bad, outdated laws could be repealed  Size of Empire/ Accomplishments –Three continents, much of modern Europe, 80 million people, 1million sq miles –Architecture, aqueducts, calendar, roads, government/ admin., Christianity

2. Govt structure-  1000-500 BC Early Romans fought for control of the peninsula  509 BCThe start of the Republic  451 BCLaw codes compiled and written down  Expansion of empire through conquest and trade Republic Rules  Executive- ruled by 2 consuls elected by assemblies  Legislative - –Senate- (aristocracy) 300 members, ruled for life, controlled domestic and foreign affairs, made laws –Assembly- (commoners)- shared power with and advised the senate  centuriate assembly- all citizens serving in the army  tribal assembly- all citizens grouped according to location, elected reps called tribunes.  Judicial- 8 Praetors – chosen by centuriate assembly, govern and oversee courts

3. Republic falls- Empire grows  How is Greek and Roman democracy different?  60 BCpower struggle between aristocracy and plebeians (commoners) Civil War  Julius Caesar becomes governor then dictator- then killed –Gave citizenship to many of the provinces –Expanded the senate –Gave the poor jobs through the construction of public buildings –Created colonies where landless could own land and increased pay of soldiers

4. Pax Romana  27 BC-Peak of Roman power  180 ADPeriod of peace and prosperity- Pax Romana  27 BCRuled by Augustus as emperor –Economy based on agriculture and trade (overland and by sea) –Stablized the government and frontier –Splendid public buildings –Created civil service- paid workers to manage affairs of government, this was a driving force in the effectiveness of the govt for centuries  528 AD2nd writing of Roman law  400-500 ADwestern empire falls

5. Roman Empire

6. Roman Life

7. Roman Life cont

8. Origins of Judaism Origins of Judaism  2000 BCAbraham father of the Jews, Hebrews- moves family to Canaan (ancient Palestime) –Torah- first five books of holy scripture- early history of Judaism, laws for living –Beliefs- one god- monotheism- live a moral life (the Torah) - we are special because we are all his children created by him in the likeness of him –Moral freedom- choice between good and evil, our responsibility to choose God and good  1200 BCTen commandments- laws/ moral code given to Moses after he brings Israelites from slavery in Egypt, return to Israel  Generations of Kings (David, Solomon)- Conquered others several times, finally by Roman Army

9. Judaism and Christianity split  4-6 BC The Birth of Jesus (during time of Roman rule) –Started preaching at age 30 –Said to be the son of God- Messiah- Jesus Christ –Personal relationship with God through Christ –Love all –Crucified on a cross because he claimed to be the King of Jews  30-60 ADPaul, an apostle, traveled around the eastern Mediterranean preaching of Christ. He wrote letters to churches which became part of the scriptures (bible) and was put to death for his beliefs. Spreads Christianity.  0 BC- 312 AD Christians were persecuted in Rome but the religion still spread to millions in the Roman Empire  312 ADEmperor Constantine ordered end of persecution of Christians and declared it a religion approved by the emperor, Edict of Milan  380 ADTheodosius made Christianity the official religion

10. Why Study Christianity? Next 1000 yrs.  Rise of the Catholic church- growing power of the pope and the church- ( 1st form of Christianity)- pope is infallible (perfect)  Catholic church (western Europe) splits from Eastern Orthodox church (eastern Europe, western Asia, middle east, north Africa)  Control of Europe by the Catholic church- belief of Divine Right, God gave kings/queens their position, so not question God’s choice  Important Ideas- –Individual worth- based on Christian Ideas- extended to support the idea that you deserve rights –Law Codes come from Christian laws –Our govt. based on Christian ideas/ principles  Most of our history surrounds this religion, to better understand the history you must understand the religion.