1. PRIVATE PILOT STEEP TURNS

2. Objective:

3. STEEP TURNS Objective: –To develop smoothness, coordination, orientation, division of attention, and control techniques while executing a high-performance turn

4. STEEP TURNS Introduction:

5. STEEP TURNS Introduction: –Ever wonder what it is like to be in a centrifuge?

6. STEEP TURNS Introduction: –Ever wonder what it is like to be in a centrifuge? –Well here is your chance while at the same time testing your piloting abilities!

7. STEEP TURNS Overview:

8. STEEP TURNS Overview: –Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn

9. STEEP TURNS Overview: –Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn –Explain the procedures to execute a steep turn

10. STEEP TURNS Overview: –Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn –Explain the procedures to execute a steep turn –Review the practical test standards for a steep turn

11. STEEP TURNS Elements:

12. STEEP TURNS Elements: –More than 45° bank

13. STEEP TURNS Elements: –More than 45° bank –After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of an airplane overcomes stability

14. STEEP TURNS Elements: –More than 45° bank –After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of an airplane overcomes stability –Bank tends to increase unless pressure is applied to aileron controls to prevent it

15. STEEP TURNS Elements: –More than 45° bank –After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of an airplane overcomes stability –Bank tends to increase unless pressure is applied to aileron controls to prevent it –High load factors are imposed

16. STEEP TURNS Elements: –More than 45° bank –After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of an airplane overcomes stability –Bank tends to increase unless pressure is applied to aileron controls to prevent it –High load factors are imposed –Large amount of vertical component of lift is lost and so back pressure on elevator is needed

17. STEEP TURNS Procedure:

18. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Execute two clearing turns

19. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Execute two clearing turns –Establish a specific heading (and outside reference) and altitude (> 1500’ AGL)

20. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Execute two clearing turns –Establish a specific heading (and outside reference) and altitude (> 1500’ AGL) –Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude with necessary back pressure

21. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Execute two clearing turns –Establish a specific heading (and outside reference) and altitude (> 1500’ AGL) –Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude with necessary back pressure –Complete a left and right 360° heading change

22. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Execute two clearing turns –Establish a specific heading (and outside reference) and altitude (> 1500’ AGL) –Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude with necessary back pressure –Complete a left and right 360° heading change –Power may be required to maintain airspeed above a stall

23. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank angle

24. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank angle –Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to maintain pitch attitude

25. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank angle –Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to maintain pitch attitude –If loss of altitude occurs, decrease bank, add back pressure to regain altitude, and establish higher pitch attitude

26. STEEP TURNS Procedure: –Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank angle –Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to maintain pitch attitude –If loss of altitude occurs, decrease bank, add back pressure to regain altitude, and establish higher pitch attitude –If gain of altitude occurs, increase bank (max 55°), decrease pitch attitude and or power

27. STEEP TURNS

28. Practical Test Standards:

29. STEEP TURNS Practical Test Standards: –Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns

30. STEEP TURNS Practical Test Standards: –Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns –Selects an altitude that will allow the task to be performed no lower than 1500’ AGL

31. STEEP TURNS Practical Test Standards: –Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns –Selects an altitude that will allow the task to be performed no lower than 1500’ AGL –Establishes the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed or if one is not stated, the examiner may designate a safe airspeed not to exceed V A

32. STEEP TURNS Practical Test Standards: –Rolls into a coordinated 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank +-5°, and rolls out on the entry heading of +-10°

33. STEEP TURNS Practical Test Standards: –Rolls into a coordinated 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank +-5°, and rolls out on the entry heading of +-10° –Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner

34. STEEP TURNS Practical Test Standards: –Rolls into a coordinated 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank +-5°, and rolls out on the entry heading of +-10° –Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner –Maintains the entry altitude, +-100 feet, and airspeed +-10 knots

35. STEEP TURNS Common Errors:

36. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination during entry and rollout

37. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination during entry and rollout –Increasing pitch attitude before establishing bank angle with resulting gain in altitude

38. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination during entry and rollout –Increasing pitch attitude before establishing bank angle with resulting gain in altitude –Not releasing back pressure in recovery with resulting gain in altitude

39. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination during entry and rollout –Increasing pitch attitude before establishing bank angle with resulting gain in altitude –Not releasing back pressure in recovery with resulting gain in altitude –Not enough or too much bank

40. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination during entry and rollout –Increasing pitch attitude before establishing bank angle with resulting gain in altitude –Not releasing back pressure in recovery with resulting gain in altitude –Not enough or too much bank –No use of power to assist in maintaining altitude

41. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Slipping or skidding through maneuver

42. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Slipping or skidding through maneuver –Inappropriate control applications

43. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Slipping or skidding through maneuver –Inappropriate control applications –Not making minor adjustments in altitude and bank through maneuver resulting in the need for major adjustments

44. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Slipping or skidding through maneuver –Inappropriate control applications –Not making minor adjustments in altitude and bank through maneuver resulting in the need for major adjustments –Loss of orientation – Initial heading forgotten and reference point can no longer be found

45. STEEP TURNS Common Errors: –Slipping or skidding through maneuver –Inappropriate control applications –Not making minor adjustments in altitude and bank through maneuver resulting in the need for major adjustments –Loss of orientation – Initial heading forgotten and reference point can no longer be found –Excessive deviation from desired heading during rollout due to poor planning of rollout

46. STEEP TURNS Conclusion:

47. STEEP TURNS Conclusion: –The steep turn is a performance based maneuver that tests various piloting ability from coordination, orientation, smoothness, and division of attention. A pilot will learn just how well his/her airplane will perform once the added loads are implied on the wings at a 45° bank.

48. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –What is V A for our training aircraft?

49. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –What is V A for our training aircraft? –What is the minimum altitude required before we begin a steep turn?

50. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –What is V A for our training aircraft? –What is the minimum altitude required before we begin a steep turn? –Why is it important to note the initial heading before we begin a steep turn?

51. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –What is V A for our training aircraft? –What is the minimum altitude required before we begin a steep turn? –Why is it important to note the initial heading before we begin a steep turn? –If we note the heading on our DG then why do we need to use visual references as well?

52. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –What is V A for our training aircraft? –What is the minimum altitude required before we begin a steep turn? –Why is it important to note the initial heading before we begin a steep turn? –If we note the heading on our DG then why do we need to use visual references as well? –Why may we need to add back pressure when we perform a steep turn?

53. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –If we descend too fast, what is the desired recovery procedure?

54. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –If we descend too fast, what is the desired recovery procedure? –At a 45° bank, what are the load factors implied on the wings?

55. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –If we descend too fast, what is the desired recovery procedure? –At a 45° bank, what are the load factors implied on the wings? –What is a good rule of thumb for a heading to begin the rollout?

56. STEEP TURNS Review Questions: –If we descend too fast, what is the desired recovery procedure? –At a 45° bank, what are the load factors implied on the wings? –What is a good rule of thumb for a heading to begin the rollout? –Why may we need to push forward on the controls after we have rolled out?

57. PRIVATE PILOT STEEP TURNS END OF LESSON