1. UNIT 6 REVIEW CHAPTER 18 VIRUS/BACTERIA CH.19 PROTISTS CH. 20 FUNGI

2. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a reason that viruses are considered to be nonliving? (TX Obj 3; 4C) D. Viruses don’t develop. C. Viruses don’t grow. B. Viruses don’t respire. A. Viruses don’t replicate.

3. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a reason that viruses are considered to be nonliving? (TX Obj 3; 4C) D. Viruses don’t develop. C. Viruses don’t grow. B. Viruses don’t respire. A. Viruses don’t replicate. The answer is A.

4. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 2 Which is NOT a component of a virus? (TX Obj 3; 4C) D. phage C. DNA B. capsid A. RNA

5. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 2 Which is NOT a component of a virus? (TX Obj 3; 4C) D. phage C. DNA B. capsid A. RNA The answer is D.

6. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 3 Which of the following is NOT determined by the arrangement of proteins in the capsid of a virus? (TX Obj 3; 4C) D. how the virus infects a cell C. whether or not the virus will have an envelope around it B. what cell can be infected by the virus A. shape

7. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 3 Which of the following is NOT determined by the arrangement of proteins in the capsid of a virus? (TX Obj 3; 4C) D. how the virus infects a cell C. whether or not the virus will have an envelope around it B. what cell can be infected by the virus A. shape

8. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 4 What two ways do viruses have of getting into host cells? (TX Obj 3; 4C) Answer The virus can inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, or attach to the host cell’s membrane and become surrounded by the membrane and placed in a vacuole. The virus then bursts out of the vacuole and releases its nucleic acid into the cell.

9. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 5 In the lytic cycle, after the host’s metabolic machinery makes viral nucleic acid and proteins the next phase is _______. (TX Obj 3; 4C) D. attachment C. assembly B. replication A. lysis and release

10. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 5 In the lytic cycle, after the host’s metabolic machinery makes viral nucleic acid and proteins the next phase is _______. (TX Obj 3; 4C) D. attachment C. assembly B. replication A. lysis and release

11. SECTION 2 CHECK Which of the following best describes archaebacteria? (TX Obj 3; 4D) Question 1 D. parasitic heterotrophs C. chemosynthetic autotrophs B. photosynthetic autotrophs A. anaerobic autotrophs

12. SECTION 2 CHECK Which of the following best describes archaebacteria? (TX Obj 3; 4D) Question 1 D. parasitic heterotrophs C. chemosynthetic autotrophs B. photosynthetic autotrophs A. anaerobic autotrophs The answer is A.

13. SECTION 2 CHECK What part of a bacterial cell is most affected by penicillin? (TX Obj 3; 4D) Question 2 D. cell wall C. flagellum B. plasmid A. pilus

14. SECTION 2 CHECK What part of a bacterial cell is most affected by penicillin? (TX Obj 3; 4D) Question 2 D. cell wall C. flagellum B. plasmid A. pilus

15. SECTION 2 CHECK Given their rapid reproductive rates, why aren’t there more bacteria than there actually are? (TX Obj 3; 4D) Question 4 Answer Bacteria don’t always have ideal growing conditions. They run out of nutrients and water, they poison themselves with their own wastes, and predators eat them.

16. SECTION 2 CHECK What is a pilus used for in a bacterium? (TX Obj 3; 4D) Question 5

17. SECTION 2 CHECK A pilus helps a bacterium stick to a surface. It is also a bridge through or on which two bacteria can exchange DNA. Capsule Cell Wall Chromosome Flagellum Plasmid Pilus Plasma membrane

18. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 1 What characteristic do all protists share? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer

19. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 1 What characteristic do all protists share? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer They are all eukaryotes. Most of their metabolic processes occur inside their membrane-bound organelles.

20. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 2 What common function do pseudopodia, cilia, and flagella share in protozoans? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer

21. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 2 What common function do pseudopodia, cilia, and flagella share in protozoans? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer These are all structures that protozoans use to move.

22. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 3 Which amoebas possess shells? (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. foraminiferans C. zoomastigina B. paramecia A. plasmodia

23. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 3 Which amoebas possess shells? (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. foraminiferans C. zoomastigina B. paramecia A. plasmodia

24. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 4 Explain how a paramecium eats. (TX Obj 2; 8C)

25. Food moves into the paramecium’s gullet, becoming enclosed at the end in a food vacuole. Enzymes break down the food, and the nutrients diffuse into the cytoplasm. SECTION 1 CHECK Cilia Oral groove Gullet Micronucleus and macronucleus Contractile vacuole Anal pore

26. SECTION 2 CHECK How do multicellular algae resemble and differ from plants? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 1

27. SECTION 2 CHECK Algae resemble plants in that they are sometimes large and green. However, they do not have roots, stems, or leaves.

28. SECTION 2 CHECK Which of the following pairs is not related? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 2 D. spirogyra – fragmentation C. amoebas – pseudopodia B. sporozoans – photosynthesis A. algae – oxygen

29. SECTION 2 CHECK Which of the following pairs is not related? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 2 D. spirogyra – fragmentation C. amoebas – pseudopodia B. sporozoans – photosynthesis A. algae – oxygen The answer is B.

30. SECTION 2 CHECK Which of the following is NOT a common feature of radiolarians and diatoms? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 3 D. both are unicellular C. both engage in photosynthesis B. both have shells composed of silica A. both reproduce asexually

31. SECTION 2 CHECK Which of the following is NOT a common feature of radiolarians and diatoms? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 3 D. both are unicellular C. both engage in photosynthesis B. both have shells composed of silica A. both reproduce asexually

32. SECTION 3 CHECK Slime molds are classified by _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 1 D. their shape C. their pigmentation B. the way they move A. the way they reproduce

33. SECTION 3 CHECK Slime molds are classified by _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 1 D. their shape C. their pigmentation B. the way they move A. the way they reproduce

34. SECTION 3 CHECK A mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes is a _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. spore C. plasmodium B. amoeba A. paramecium Question 2

35. SECTION 3 CHECK A mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes is a _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. spore C. plasmodium B. amoeba A. paramecium The answer is C. Question 2

36. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 1 Hyphae develop from _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. rhizoids C. cellulose B. chitin A. spores

37. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 1 Hyphae develop from _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. rhizoids C. cellulose B. chitin A. spores

38. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 2 A mycelium is composed of _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. conidiophores C. sporangia B. hyphae A. spores

39. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 2 A mycelium is composed of _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. conidiophores C. sporangia B. hyphae A. spores The answer is B, hyphae.

40. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 3 What are three different functions that hyphae can perform in a mycelium? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer

41. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 3 What are three different functions that hyphae can perform in a mycelium? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer Some hyphae anchor the fungus, some invade the food source, and others form fungal reproductive structures.

42. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 4 Explain how a fungus performs extracellular digestion. (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer

43. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 4 Explain how a fungus performs extracellular digestion. (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer Hyphae grow into the cells of the food source, releasing digestive enzymes that break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules. These molecules move in the free- flowing cytoplasm to where they are needed for growth, repair, and reproduction.

44. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 5 Which type of fungi lives in a symbiotic relationship with another organism? (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. decomposers C. mutualists B. saprophytes A. parasites

45. SECTION 1 CHECK Question 5 Which type of fungi lives in a symbiotic relationship with another organism? (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. decomposers C. mutualists B. saprophytes A. parasites The answer is C, mutualists.

46. SECTION 2 CHECK According to the following figure, which method is NOT used by fungi to reproduce asexually? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 1

47. SECTION 2 CHECK A. producing zygospores B. fragmentation Asexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction Rhizoids Stolon + Mating strain (n) - Mating strain (n) Gametangia Spores (n) Sporangia Sporangium Hypha Zygospore Meiosis Germination Spores (n)

48. Asexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction Rhizoids Stolon + Mating strain (n) - Mating strain (n) Gametangia Spores (n) Sporangia Sporangium Hypha Zygospore Meiosis Germination SECTION 2 CHECK C. budding D. producing spores Spores (n)

49. Asexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction Rhizoids Stolon + Mating strain (n) - Mating strain (n) Gametangia Spores (n) Sporangia Sporangium Hypha Zygospore Meiosis Germination Spores (n) SECTION 2 CHECK The answer is A, producing zygospores.

50. SECTION 2 CHECK The mushrooms you typically eat make up what part of the fungus? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 2 Answer

51. SECTION 2 CHECK The mushrooms you typically eat make up what part of the fungus? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 2 Answer The mushrooms you typically eat make up the reproductive structure of fungi.

52. SECTION 2 CHECK What is the difference between a sporangium and a zygospore? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 3 A zygospore is a diploid zygote surrounded by a thick wall. A sporangium is a structure containing many haploid spores. Answer

53. SECTION 2 CHECK Are gametangia a part of sexual or asexual reproduction in zygomycotes? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 4 Answer Gametangia are part of the sexual reproductive phase of zygomycotes. Each gametangium contains a haploid nucleus that forms a diploid zygote when it fuses with the haploid nucleus of another gametangium.

54. SECTION 2 CHECK The sporangium of a zygomycote is analogous to what in an ascomycote? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 5 D. conidia C. conidiophore B. ascospore A. ascus

55. SECTION 2 CHECK The sporangium of a zygomycote is analogous to what in an ascomycote? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Question 5 D. conidia C. conidiophore B. ascospore A. ascus

56. CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Question 2 Morel mushrooms and truffles are members of which phylum? (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. Deuteromycotes C. Basidiomycotes B. Zygomycotes A. Ascomycotes

57. The answer is A, Ascomycotes. Morels CHAPTER ASSESSMENT

58. Question 3 What fungus is important in the production of wine and bread? (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. corn smut C. yeast B. black bread mold A. Penicillium

59. CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Question 6 In basidiomycotes, the basidia are located in the _______. (TX Obj 2; 8C) D. basidiospores C. mycelium B. stipe A. gills

60. The answer is A, gills. Cap Gills Hyphae Spores Spore-producing part CHAPTER ASSESSMENT

61. Question 8 How is a lichen relationship different from a mycorrhizal relationship? (TX Obj 2; 8C) Answer A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. A mycorrhiza is a relationship between a fungus and a plant.