1. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 8 Nursing Theory

2. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved What Is Theory? Explain, describe, or predict something Interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions Systematic way to view facts/events Conceptual model or conceptual framework

3. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved What Is Theory? (cont’d) Nursing theory  An articulated and communicated conceptualization of invented or discovered reality in or pertaining to nursing for the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting or prescribing nursing care (Hickman, 2002)

4. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved What Nursing Theory Is Not Managed care Primary nursing Team nursing OB nursing Surgical nursing Home health nursing

5. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved What Nursing Theory Is Can be applied to all areas of nursing By nurses and for nurses providing care to patients/clients either directly or indirectly

6. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved Why Theory? Nursing based on principles from many different professions Nursing is a science? Theory has ties with professionalism

7. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved What Is the History of Nursing Theory? Nightingale Peplau Orem Rogers Roy Johnson Neuman King Watson Leininger

8. Copyright © 2006 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved Nursing Theorists Nightingale  Person influenced by environment  Environment important to health  Nurses should support environment to assist patient in healing

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10. Nursing Theorists Orem  Self-care nursing theory  Nursing—actions to overcome or prevent self- care limitations or to provide self-care if someone is unable to do so

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12. Nursing Theorists Roy  Adaptation model  Person is a biopsychosocial being seeking equilibrium

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14. Nursing Theorists Johnson  Behavioral systems model  Orderly and seeks balance

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16. Nursing Theorists Neuman  Systems model  Focuses on prevention, or prevention as intervention as a response to stressors

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18. Which Nursing Theory Appeals to You?