1. BIOL 204 - Topic 7

2. Objective 1Organs of the Urinary System (2) Kidneys which manufacture urine (2) Ureters which transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder (1) Urinary bladder that stores urine prior to micturition (elimination) (1) Urethra that carries urine to the surface of the body

3. Objective 2Kidney Anatomy The retroperitoneal kidneys are covered with three layers of connective tissue: 1.Renal Fascia (Outer) 2.Adipose Capsule 3.Renal Capsule (Inner)

4. Renal (fibrous) Capsule: inner layer; thin, transparent, dense irregular connective tissue covering which provides a strong barrier preventing the spread of infections to the kidney; has a minor role in protecting the kidney from physical trauma

5. Internally, the kidney is divided into a: Cortex:outer, granular appearing tissue Medulla:inner region made of renal pyramids Renal Pelvis:adjacent to the renal hilus

6. The Renal Capsule of a Human Kidney

7. Renal Columns:extensions of cortical tissue that lie between pyramids Renal papillae:tips of pyramids Major Calyx:portion of the urine collection system that drains several minor calyces Minor Calyx:portion of the urine collection system that drains one pyramid

9. Renal Hilus: Area where the renal artery, renal vein, ureter and nerves attach to the kidney

10. Blood Supply The Renal Artery and Its Branches

11. Circulation to Nephrons

13. Objective 2Nephrons Nephron;the functional unit of the kidney; it is a microscopic tubular structure that filters the blood and manufactures urine there are over 1 million nephrons per kidney

14. Renal Corpuscle & JGA

15. Glomerular Filtration

16. A Simplified View of A Nephron

17. Renal Corpuscle- Microscopic View

18. Glomeruli and Collecting Ducts

19. Collecting Duct and Brush Border

20. Classes of Nephrons Cortical:almost entirely located in the cortex; represent about 75- 85% of all nephrons; they produce urine Juxtamedullarylocated close to the cortical.medullary junction; the loops of Henle dip deeply into the pyramids of the medulla; they represent 15-25% of all nephrons; these nephrons make urine too but, additionally, they are important in the conservation of water

21. Cortex – Injected Vasculature

22. Arcuate Artery and Vein – Cross Section

23. Ureters/Urinary Bladder/Urethra

27. Objective 4 Cat Anatomy Female

28. Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder

29. 1.1. Renal Capsule 2.2. Renal Cortex 3.3. Renal Medulla 4.4. Renal Pyramid 5.5. Renal Pelvis 6.6. Renal Column 7.7. Renal Calyx 8.8. Ureter

30. 1.Kidney4. Bladder 2.Renal Artery/Vein5. Testes 3.Ureter6. Penis

31. 1.Kidney5. Ureter 2.Uterine Horns6.Ovary 3.Body of the Uterus 7.Adrenal Glands 4.Urinary Bladder

32. Kidney Dissection:

33. Renal Hilus Ureter

34. Renal Cortex Kidney Injected With Latex -red (arteries), blue (veins), yellow (urine)

35. Normal Human Kidney, Unfixed