2. CHAPTER 2 Earth in Space Pages 24-39

3. Earth: Rotation, Revolution & Seasons Solar System-sun & group of bodies that revolve around it –Milky Way Planets-major bodies that orbit a star (the sun) –8 total (Pluto=dwarf planet)

5. The Moon Moons=smaller object which orbit a planet –Natural satellite 240,000 miles away 29.5 days to orbit Earth Sun, earth, moon gravitational pull control tides

6. Solar Energy & Rotation Solar Energy-light & heat; gives us Earth’s energy. –Affects weather, plants, animals & us Rotation-one complete spin of the Earth –24 hours –East-west rotation Solar energy hits only ½ Earth facing the Sun. –Why important?

7. Revolution & Tilt Rev=earth’s circles around the sun. –365 ¼ days –Leap day (acct for extra) Tilt of axis –23 ½ degrees Affect on seasons & time zones?

8. Solstices v. Equinoxes Solstice-the earth’s poles point @ greatest angle toward/away from Sun. –June 21, Dec 21 Equinox-both hemispheres get equal amount of sunlight (12 hours) –March 21, Sept. 22 Equator v. Tropics of Cancer/Capricorn.

9. Energy Sun’s energy the strongest during summer Weakest during winter Evenly distributed during fall/spring

10. Important Lats Tropic of Cancer-located @ 23 ½ degree N Tropic of Capricorn- @ 23 ½ S Arctic Circle-@66 ½ N Antarctic Circle- @ 66 ½ S

11. THE TROPICS

12. Solar Energy & Lat Diff places on Earth receive diff amounts of solar energy Equator=receives a lot of solar energy all yr. Tropics=warm low-latitude areas near the equator Polar regions=high-lat regions receive very little solar energy.

13. Time Zones

14. Sun/Earth monuments

15. Weather v. Climate Climate is the temperature and precipitation in an area over a long period of time. Weather is the current temperature and precipitation in an area.

16. Just as the weather differs from day to day, the climate differs from place to place. Seattle, WA Houston, TX Phoenix, AZBarrow, AK Cool Warm Hot Cold Moist Moist Dry Dry

17. Two important elements of weather and climate are: precipitation and temperature Precipitation includes all forms of moisture falling to the surface of the earth. (Examples: rain, sleet, snow, hail) Temperature is how warm or cool the air is outside. * In this activity, mean temperature/precipitation is the same as average temperature/precipitation. Mean=Average

18. EARTH’S 4 SPHERES (aka environment) Atmosphere –Outermost, least dense, protection against Sun’s radiation, 78% N & 21%O Lithosphere –Solid crust on planet (continents, islands, ocean floor) Hydrosphere –Earth’s water, 70% of surface (liquid, solid, gas) Biosphere –All plants & animals, each affects the other

19. BLUE BEAUTY Photos by Astronaut Sunita Williams Photos by Astronaut Sunita Williams

20. SANDSTORM LEAVING NORTH AFRICA TOWARDS THE ATLANTIC – CANARY ISLAND.

21. GIBRALTAR STRAITS

22. NIGHT ARRIVES BETWEEN EUROPE & AFRICA

23. SWISS ALPS

24. ICELAND

25. BLACK SEA

26. RED SEA

27. OUR PLANET IN THE MIDDLE OF THE UNIVERSE AT NIGHT

33. France Iceland Italy ContinentalPlatform England ÁFRICA Already night time here. Spain Atlantic Ocean Cabo Verde Island Canary Islands Islas de la Madera y Azores

34. Grande São Paulo Rio de Janeiro Belo Horizonte Salvador Atlantic Ocean Brazilian Continental Platform. NIGHTFALL IN BRAZIL

35. Grande São Paulo Rio de Janeiro Salvador Recife Fortaleza Brasília Goiânia Uberlândi a Belo Horizonte Florianópolis

36. NIGHTFALL IN USA

37. The biggest concentration of lights (from top to bottom) are the cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington. MiamiHouston Dallas Chicago Still daylight in California. Puerto Rico