1. America as a World Power

2. Imperialism and Expansion Imperialism – building an empire by founding colonies and conquering nations. 1870-1914 – European countries take control of Africa and most of Asia. Countries need raw materials Reasons for Imperialism: 1. desire for resources 2. needed new trade markets 3. expansion of military power 4. source of national pride (Nationalism)

3. Africa

5. United States Isolationism – avoiding involvement with foreign countries –U.S did not begin expanding until the late 1800’s. 1867 – U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (wants to dominate Pacific and Carribean) –Sewards Ice Box- mocking him: annexing lands leads to world power –“Seward’s Folly” – William H. Seward – Secretary of State: Discover gold and now it’s a great idea 1893 – Hawaii – sugar planters lead a revolt against Queen Liliuokalani – U.S. annexes Hawaii in 1898.

6. Hawaii Cont. 8 large islands, own community Christian missionaries arrive(1820)-trade, schools, disease, intro to sugarcane Queen L comes to throne(resist influence of Americans) took away powers that sugar planters had  white planters overthrow her Annex=to add

9. Lilioukalani

10. Spanish-American War 1895 – Cuba revolts against Spanish rule –200,000 Cubans die in the revolt and in Spanish concentration camps. Joseph Pulitzer/William Randolph Hearst – newspaper publishers in New York (try to outdo each other) –Yellow Journalism – exaggerating and twisting the news (biased, false, stirring up trouble) 1896 – William McKinley elected President – supported Cuban independence

11. Cuba

14. Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

15. William McKinley

16. “Remember the Maine” January 25, 1898 – U.S. battleship Maine arrives in Havana, Cuba to protect U.S. interests February 15 – Maine explodes – 260 American sailors are killed – Most Americans blame Spain (Spain denies, may have been an accident) April 20 – Teller Amendment – tells Spain to leave Cuba – U.S. has no interest in taking over  lead to war Rally cry for revenge= “Remember the Maine”

17. “Remember the Maine”

18. War with Spain: splendid little war April 24 – Spain declares war on U.S. America wins fairly easily, despite being poorly prepared when war begins.(blockade coast) Most Americans die of tropical diseases, not battle wounds Theodore Roosevelt – Rough Riders(Calvary Unit, college students, ended Spanish resistance, Battle of San Juan Hill) U.S. 10 th Cavalry – all-black unit August 12 – Spain surrenders (armistice=peace agreement) U.S gains the Philippines (resistance->independence in 1946), Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain. Platt Amendment – Cuba becomes independent, but U.S. has final say-so on all Cuban affairs.(naval base at Guantanamo Bay

19. Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

22. 10 th Cavalry

24. Panama Canal Journey around South America could take up to six weeks. U.S. leaders wanted to cut that time by digging a canal across Central America Several attempts had already been made. 1901 – Teddy Roosevelt become President after McKinley’s assassination. 1903 – Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty – U.S. gets a 10-mile wide zone across Panama for 99 years - $10 million plus $250,000 a year Canal opens in 1914 – cost $375 million to build – 6,000 men died building it - disease

25. Panama Canal

29. Latin America Monroe Doctrine – 1823 – Europeans had to stay out of the Americas Many European nations had loaned money to Central and South America. – These countries often refused to repay their debts. Roosevelt Corollary – The United States would force these countries to repay their debts; kept Europeans out. “Speak softly and carry a big stick” United States marines occupy many Central and South American nations multiple times to force debt repayment and protect American businesses and citizens

30. Monroe Doctrine

31. Roosevelt Corollary

32. Theodore Roosevelt

33. Roosevelt as President Square Deal – forced companies to negotiate with workers for better conditions (arbitration) Trust-busting – breaking up big companies – helped the public avoid higher costs Conservation – greatly expanded the National Park system – doubled the number of parks and national monuments Progressive Movement – wanted to solve problems caused by rapid industrial and urban growth – crime, disease, poverty Muckrakers – investigative journalists who exposed unfair practices and problems – child labor, slum housing, food safety, worker safety

34. Progressive Issues Child Labor – almost 2 million children worked full-time – finally illegal in 1938 Worker Safety – Triangle Shirtwaist Fire – 146 dead – led to increased safety requirements Food Safety – highly unclean conditions – “The Jungle” – Upton Sinclair Pure Food and Drug Act - 1906

36. Trust Busting

37. Dollar Diplomacy William Howard Taft – elected President in 1909 Believed in letting American businesses influence Latin America first. America invested or loaned millions to Latin American countries Military was last resort if they did not repay.

38. William Howard Taft

39. Dollar Diplomacy

40. Mexican Revolution Porfirio Diaz – Mexican dictator, worked closely with American business and government 1910 – Revolution begins – Francisco Madero Breaks down into a multi-sided civil war Victoriano Huerta – takes power in 1913 1914 – US marines capture port of Veracruz – to keep European arms from being delivered Pancho Villa – March 1916 – raids across the border into New Mexico, killing 17 US Citizens John J. Pershing – leads US soldiers into Mexico after Villa, never catching him 1920 – Mexican civil war ends

41. Porfirio DiazFrancisco Madero

42. Victoriano Huerta Pancho Villa

43. John J. Pershing