1. © LogicaCMG 2006. All rights reserved Distributed Temperature Sensing Database Stephen Vear Shell Global Solutions / LogicaCMG

2. Shell’s distributed temperature sensing database Agenda:  DTS technology  DTS for Shell  POSC standard  Implementation  Current status

3. DTS technology

4. What is DTS ? Distributed Temperature Sensing / System  a technique whereby one sensor can collect data that is spatially distributed  over many thousands of individual measurement points.  the fibre is the sensor  applicable in hazardous environments (e.g. explosive)  can measure temperature at sensitivity of up to 0.05 degrees Celcius  has been applied to fibres more than 30km in length  -250 to +400 degrees Celcius

5. DTS technology Stokes component Temperature independent Raman bands Wavelength Intensity Brillouin bands Rayleigh component equal to incident wavelength (normal back-reflection) Anti-Stokes component Strongly temperature dependent Temperature = f(( I +/ I -) +…) I-I- I+

6. Accuracy of measurements Performance factors: Length of the fibre; Interval between measurements; Resolution of the temperature measurement; Spatial resolution (how many meters between measurements).

7. Applications of DTS  Fire Detection in Tunnels and Special Hazard Buildings  Power Cable and Transmission Line Monitoring  Industrial Induction Furnaces Surveillance  Integrity of LNG Carriers and Terminals  Leakage Detection at Dikes and Dams  Temperature Monitoring in Plant & Process Engineering  Oil & Gas Exploration – permanent Downhole Monitoring

8. Shell’s distributed temperature sensing database Agenda:  DTS technology  DTS for Shell  POSC standard  Implementation  Current status

9. Why DTS for the oil industry ?  The easy oil is already won – there is a push to get more out of the existing reserves  DTS is a previously expensive technology that is now going down in price  Smart Fields / Digital Oil Field is demanding real-time information from the wells  Observing real-time data enables timely reaction to changes in the well behaviour, and more insight into well behaviour during injection activities  DTS is a predecessor to other in-wellhole measurements such as distributed pressure.

10. Appeal of DTS

11. Current situation - vendor tie-in  DTS vendors supplied their own visualisation tools  Shell OUs that adopt DTS are tied into single-vendor solutions  Raw measurement data is being transmitted across the globe and pre-processed before Shell staff get to view it  Data ownership issues  No standards for exchanging DTS data between applications / suppliers

12. Shell’s distributed temperature sensing database Agenda:  DTS technology  DTS for Shell  POSC standard  Implementation  Current status

13. Vendors adopting the POSC standard  One European vendor  One US vendor  Second US vendor currently implementing  …others, dependent upon demand

14. Example POSC XML file

15. Example POSC XML file (2)

16. Example POSC XML file (3)

17. Shell’s distributed temperature sensing database Agenda:  DTS technology  DTS for Shell  POSC standard  Implementation  Current status

18. Implementation restrictions  GI-H – no access to file system  GI-H – no software installed on the server  GI-D – no software installed on the client PCs/laptops  No support for ‘exotic’ database solutions

19. Data flow from well head to database DTS (Oracle) database Post XML Files Process Control Domain XML files PCADOffice Domain Vendor 2 Box Vendor 1 Box

20. Database access DTS (Oracle) database Client Applications: Interface using ODBC PI PI RDBMS Extract selected points from trace and store in PI as “point” measurement ODBC Standard GI-D Client HTTP Standard Oracle Web Server Web Browser

21. Configuration data stored as XML

22. Viewing a measurement http://localhost:8080/oradb/DPDDBD/ DTS_DATA_VIEW/ROW[MEASUREM ENT_ID="421"]?rowsettag=DATA&tra nsform=/public/DTS/Stylesheets/data. xsl&contenttype=text/html

24. Shell’s distributed temperature sensing database Agenda:  DTS technology  DTS for Shell  POSC standard  Implementation  Current status

25. Current status  Operational in South East Asia  New version to be released this summer  Plans to install at other Shell operating units this year  Currently ‘free’ to Shell OU’s to promote usage  Several DTS vendors have adopted the POSC standard  Will become a Shell standard application  Part of the ‘Smart Fields’ roadmap  Tender to be released for a visualisation tool

26. Review of original aims Installation or Work-over / light box change / new fiber Transfer of (configuration) data about a new DTS installation. Sending regular data Normal usage of the data. Minimal header (time, asset identifier, appr. number of pulses used for trace) At least: (unscaled) stokes and anti-stokes Optionally: temperature

27. Review of original aims Fiber QC Send new OTDR for the fiber. Update Calibration Send updated calibration parameters Include the start date / time from which these calibration parameters should apply.