1. Planes and Sections of the Body Sagittal Plane: Extends lengthwise, divides body into right and left portions. Frontal Plane: Extends lengthwise and divides body into anterior and posterior portions. Transverse: Runs crosswise to separate body into horizontal sections.

3. Body Cavities and Membranes Posterior (Dorsal) Body Cavity- –Cranial Cavity: Contains the brain. –Vertebral Canal: Contains the spinal cord. –Lined by three membranous layers called meninges. Meningitis = Infection of these membranes.

4. Body Cavities and Membranes Anterior (Ventral) Body Cavity- –Thoracic Cavity –Abdominopelvic Cavity –Separated by Diaphragm –Lined by Serous membranes. Secrete fluid similar to serum Reduces friction between organs.

6. Thoracic Cavity Enclosed by rib cage and has three portions. –Mediastinum: Located in the middle and holds the heart, thymus, trachea and others. –Right and left portions hold the lungs –Pleural and Pericardial spaces surround the lungs and heart to provide protection.

8. Abdominopelvic Cavity Abdominal Cavity is superior: Contains most of the digestive organs. Pelvic Cavity is inferior: Contains the rectum, bladder and some parts of the large intestines. The organs (viscera) in the cavity are covered by membranes and the cavity is lined by a membrane. Peritoneal fluid fills the space between.

9. Abdominopelvic Cavity Cont. Broken down into four quadrants.

10. Organ Systems Support, Movement and Protection: –Integumentary –Skeletal –Muscular: Muscles Reproduction and Development: –Reproductive system. Integration and Coordination: –Nervous –Endocrine Maintenance of Body: –Cardiovascular –Lymphatic –Respiratory –Digestive –Urinary

11. “Balance” in the Body Homeostasis: This is the relative constancy of the body’s internal environment. Outside environment may change lots, the inside stays very steady. –pH of blood, blood sugar levels, body temp.

12. Negative Feedback Keeps a variable close to a partciular value. Three components: –Sensor –Regulatory center –Effector Ex. Home heating system, blood pressure, body temperature.

15. Positive Feedback Brings about an ever greater change in the same direction.

16. Positive Feedback Brings about an ever increasing change in the same direction. Examples: Blood Clotting, Digestion of proteins in the stomach, muscle contractions during child birth.